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a: \(=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)-3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
=a+b+c
b:
Sửa đề: \(=\dfrac{x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^3+z^3+3xy\left(x-y\right)+3xyz}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y+z\right)\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-xz+yz+z^2\right)+3xy\left(x-y+z\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy-xz+yz\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-y+z}{2}\)
a) \(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca}\)
\(=a+b+c\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
* Đặt tên các biểu thức theo thứ tự là A,B,C,D,E.
Câu a)
Theo hằng đẳng thức đáng nhớ ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=(a+b+c)^3-3(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)
\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+2abc]\)
\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[ab(a+b+c)+bc(b+c+a)+ca(c+a+b)-abc]\)
\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)]+3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=(a+b+c)^3-3(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)\)
\(=(a+b+c)[(a+b+c)^2-3(ab+bc+ac)]\)
\(=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)\) (*)
Do đó:
\(A=\frac{(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}=a+b+c\)
Câu b)
\(x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz=x^3+(-y)^3+z^3-3x(-y)z\)
Sử dụng kết quả (*) của câu a. Với \(a=x, b=-y, c=z\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+(-y)^3+z^3-3x(-y)z=(x-y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)\)
Mặt khác xét mẫu số:
\((x+y)^2+(y+z)^2+(x-z)^2=x^2+2xy+y^2+y^2+2yz+z^2+x^2-2xz+z^2\)
\(=2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)\)
Do đó: \(B=\frac{(x-y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)}=\frac{x-y+z}{2}\)
Câu c) Sử dụng kết quả (*) của phần a:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)\)
Và mẫu số:
\((x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2=2(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)\)
Do đó: \(C=\frac{(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Câu d)
Xét tử số:
\(a^2(b-c)+b^2(c-a)+c^2(a-b)\)
\(=a^2(b-c)-b^2[(b-c)+(a-b)]+c^2(a-b)\)
\(=(b-c)(a^2-b^2)-(b^2-c^2)(a-b)\)
\(=(b-c)(a-b)(a+b)-(b-c)(b+c)(a-b)\)
\(=(a-b)(b-c)[a+b-(b+c)]=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)\) (1)
Xét mẫu số:
\(a^4(b^2-c^2)+b^4(c^2-a^2)+c^4(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=a^4(b^2-c^2)-b^4[(b^2-c^2)+(a^2-b^2)]+c^4(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=(a^4-b^4)(b^2-c^2)-(b^4-c^4)(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=(a^2-b^2)(a^2+b^2)(b^2-c^2)-(b^2-c^2)(b^2+c^2)(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=(a^2-b^2)(b^2-c^2)[a^2+b^2-(b^2+c^2)]\)
\(=(a^2-b^2)(b^2-c^2)(a^2-c^2)\)
\(=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra \(D=\frac{1}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
Câu e)
Theo phần d ta có:
\(TS=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)\)
\(MS=ab^2-ac^2-b^3+bc^2\)
\(=b^2(a-b)-c^2(a-b)=(a-b)(b^2-c^2)=(a-b)(b-c)(b+c)\)
Do đó: \(E=\frac{(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)}{(a-b)(b-c)(b+c)}=\frac{a-c}{b+c}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a/ \(\frac{3x^2-11x+8}{2x^2-9x+7}=\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(3x-8\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-7\right)}=\frac{3x-8}{2x-7}\)
câu b,c tương tự nha ^^
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
2
a
\(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=-z\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3=\left(-z\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+3x^2y+3xy^2=-z^3\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xy\left(x+y\right)=3xyz\)
b
Đặt \(a-b=x;b-c=y;c-a=z\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\)
Ta có bài toán mới:Cho \(x+y+z=0\).Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử:\(x^3+y^3+z^3\)
Áp dụng kết quả câu a ta được:
\(\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^3+\left(c-a\right)^3=3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(A=\frac{b^3-3b^2c+3bc^2-c^3+c^3-3c^2a+3ca^2-a^3+a^3-3a^2b+3ab^2-b^3}{a^2b-a^2c+b^2c-ab^2+c^2a-bc^2}\)
\(=\frac{-3b^2c+3bc^2-3c^2a+3ca^2-3a^2b+3ab^2}{b^2c-bc^2+c^2a-ac^2+a^2b-ab^2}\)
\(=\frac{-3\left(b^2c-bc^2+c^2a-ca^2+a^2b-ab^2\right)}{b^2c-bc^2+c^2a-ca^2+a^2b-ab^2}=-3\)
\(C=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)}{x^2-2xy+y^2+y^2-2yz+z^2+z^2-2zx+x^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
P/s: bài b sai đề thì pải
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 2:
a, \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)^3-3\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)z-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)^3-3\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3xy-3yz-3zx\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
2a ) Ta có:
x³ + y³ + z³ - 3xyz
= (x+y)³ - 3xy(x-y) + z³ - 3xyz
= [(x+y)³ + z³] - 3xy(x+y+z)
= (x+y+z)³ - 3z(x+y)(x+y+z) - 3xy(x-y-z)
= (x+y+z)[(x+y+z)² - 3z(x+y) - 3xy]
= (x+y+z)(x² + y² + z² + 2xy + 2xz + 2yz - 3xz - 3yz - 3xy)
= (x+y+z)(x² + y² + z² - xy - xz - yz)
Từ \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\)
Xét hiệu \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3a^2b-3ab^2-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\left(I\right)\)
Thay \(a+b=-c;a+b+c=0\left(GT\right)v\text{ào}\left(I\right)\) ta được
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(-c\right)^3+c^3-3ab.0\)
\(=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\left(\text{Đ}PCM\right)\)
Vậy \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) với \(a+c+b=0\)