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Ta chứng minh BĐT sau với các số dương:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
b.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\ge\dfrac{12}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+c}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế (1); (2) và (3):
\(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{5}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\dfrac{3}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Tự nhiên lục được cái này :'(
3. Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b-c+b+c-a}=\frac{4}{2b}=\frac{2}{b}\)
\(\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{b+c-a+c+a-b}=\frac{4}{2c}=\frac{2}{c}\)
\(\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b-c+c+a-b}=\frac{4}{2a}=\frac{2}{a}\)
Cộng theo vế ta có điều phải chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a = b = c
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\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
+) cm: \(\frac{1}{a^2+1}=1-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}\ge1-\frac{a^2}{2a}=1-\frac{a}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{b^2+1}\ge1-\frac{b}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge1-\frac{c}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge3-\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 1
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a)Áp dụng BĐT cosi-schwart:
`A=1/a+1/b+1/c>=9/(a+b+c)`
Mà `a+b+c<=3/2`
`=>A>=9:3/2=6`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=1/2`
b)Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
`a+1/(4a)>=1`
`b+1/(4b)>=1`
`c+1/(4c)>=1`
`=>a+b+c+1/(4a)+1/(4b)+1/(4c)>=3`
Ta có:
`1/a+1/b+1/c>=6`(Ở câu a)
`=>3/4(1/a+1/b+1/c)>=9/2`
`=>a+b+c+1/(a)+1/(b)+1/(c)>=3+9/2=15/2`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=1/2`
a)Áp dụng BĐT cosi-schwart:
A=1a+1b+1c≥9a+b+cA=1a+1b+1c≥9a+b+c
Mà a+b+c≤32a+b+c≤32
⇒A≥9:32=6⇒A≥9:32=6
Dấu "=" ⇔a=b=c=12⇔a=b=c=12
b)Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
a+14a≥1a+14a≥1
b+14b≥1b+14b≥1
c+14c≥1c+14c≥1
⇒a+b+c+14a+14b+14c≥3⇒a+b+c+14a+14b+14c≥3
Ta có:
1a+1b+1c≥61a+1b+1c≥6(Ở câu a)
⇒34(1a+1b+1c)≥92⇒34(1a+1b+1c)≥92
⇒a+b+c+1a+1b+1c≥3+92=152⇒a+b+c+1a+1b+1c≥3+92=152
Dấu "=" ⇔a=b=c=12
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lần sau đăng ít một thôi toàn bài dài :v, ko phải ko làm mà là ngại làm
a)Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{a}{2a+b+c}=\frac{a}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\frac{b}{a+2b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right);\frac{c}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
b)Đặt \(THANG=abc\left(a^2+bc\right)\left(b^2+ac\right)\left(c^2+ab\right)>0\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{b+c}{a^2+bc}-\frac{c+a}{b^2+ac}-\frac{a+b}{a^2+ab}\)
\(=\frac{a^4b^4+b^4c^4+c^4a^4-a^4b^2c^2-b^4c^2a^2-c^4a^2b^2}{THANG}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2b^2-b^2c^2\right)^2+\left(b^2c^2-c^2a^2\right)+\left(c^2a^2-a^2b^2\right)^2}{2THANG}\ge0\) (Đúng)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
c)Ta có:\(\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}-\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)+ac\left(a-c\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\)
Và \(\frac{b^2}{c^2+a^2}-\frac{b}{c+a}=\frac{bc\left(b-c\right)+ab\left(b-a\right)}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c^2+a^2\right)}\)
\(\frac{c^2}{a^2+b^2}-\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{ac\left(c-a\right)+bc\left(c-b\right)}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b^2+a^2\right)}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 đăng thức trên ta có:
\(VT-VP=Σ\left[\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\right]\)
\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)\cdotΣ\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)\left(c^2+a^2\right)}\ge0\)
2 bài cuối full quy đồng mệt thật :v
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\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2}\) ; \(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ac}{2}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\ge a+b+c-\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3-\frac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3-\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
\(\frac{a^2}{b}+b\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2b}{b}}=2a\) ; \(\frac{b^2}{c}+c\ge2b\) ; \(\frac{c^2}{a}+a\ge2a\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}+a+b+c\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\ge a+b+c=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1) Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{x^2}{m}+\frac{y^2}{n}+\frac{z^2}{p}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{m+n+p}\) :
Ta có : \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
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\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge4\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge1\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{1}{b};\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge1\)
\(P=\sqrt{x^2+2y^2}+\sqrt{y^2+2z^2}+\sqrt{z^2+2x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+2y\right)^2}{3}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(y+2z\right)^2}{3}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(z+2x\right)^2}{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(3x+3y+3z\right)\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\) hay \(a=b=c=3\)