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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Do \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
Mà \(a+b+c\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\)
Khi đó:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Vậy: \(N=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
+ TH1 : a + b + c = 0 ta có :
\(A=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=\frac{a+b}{b}\cdot\frac{b+c}{c}\cdot\frac{c+a}{a}\)
\(=\frac{-c}{b}\cdot\frac{-a}{c}\cdot\frac{-b}{a}=-1\)
+ TH2 : \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Khi đó : \(A=\left(1+1\right)\cdot\left(1+1\right)\cdot\left(1+1\right)=8\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a: Ta có: \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
b: Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)
a) \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3a^2b-3ab^2-3abc=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)(đúng do a+b+c = 0)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a: Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
b: Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
*Nếu a + b + c = 0
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\c+a=-b\end{cases}}\)
Thay vào M đc
\(M=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{c+a}{a}\)
\(=\frac{-c}{b}.\frac{-a}{c}.\frac{-b}{a}\)
\(=-1\)
*Nếu \(a+b+c\ne0\)
Áp dụng t.c của dãy tsbn
\(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}=\frac{a+b+b+c+c+a}{a+b+c}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=2c\\b+c=2a\\c+a=2b\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Thay vào M đc
\(M=\left(1+\frac{a}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{c}\right)=2.2.2=8\)
Vậy ..............
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 2 :
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2018}\)
Mà \(2018=a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}-\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{c-a-b-c}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{-\left(a+b\right)}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=-ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ac+bc+c^2+ab\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left[b\left(a+c\right)+c\left(a+c\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)
TH1 : \(a+b=0\Leftrightarrow a=-b\)
\(M=\frac{1}{a^{2017}}+\frac{1}{b^{2017}}+\frac{1}{c^{2014}}=\frac{1}{-b^{2017}}+\frac{1}{b^{2017}}+\frac{1}{c^{2014}}=\frac{1}{c^{2014}}\)
Mà \(a+b+c=2018\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-b+b+c=2018\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c=2018\)
Khi đó \(M=\frac{1}{2018^{2017}}\)
Các trường hợp còn lại tương tự
Kết quả cuối cùng : \(M=\frac{1}{2018^{2017}}\)
Câu hỏi của nguyễn thị phượng - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Em tham khảo bài 2 ở link này nhé!