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Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2-bc=x\\b^2-ca=y\\c^2-ab=z\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge0\)
\(\)Đẳng thức cần c/m trở thành: \(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3xyz\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng Bất đẳng thức AM-GM cho 3 số x,y,z, ta có:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3.y^3.z^3}=3xyz\)
=> Đẳng thức (1) luôn đúng với mọi x
Dấu = xảy ra khi: x=y=z hay \(a^2-bc=b^2-ca=c^2-ab\)
và \(a^2+b^2+c^2-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=0\)\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Từ giả thiết:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le4\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\le2\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{ab+1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2ab+2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2ab+a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại, đồng thời đặt \(\left(a+b;b+c;c+a\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\):
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{xz}{y^2}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}.3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{yz.xz.xy}{x^2y^2z^2}}=3\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Ta có:
\(\left(a^2+2\right)\left(b^2+2\right)=\left(ab-1\right)^2+\frac{1}{2}\left(a-b\right)^2+\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+3\)\(\ge\frac{3}{2}\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+2\right]\)
Suy ra \(\left(a^2+2\right)\left(b^2+2\right)\left(c^2+2\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+2\right]\left(c^2+2\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a\sqrt{2}+b\sqrt{2}+c\sqrt{2}\right)^2\) (BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+2\right)\left(b^2+2\right)\left(c^2+2\right)\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
Dấu "=" khi a=b=c=1
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a}{b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{c+a}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b}\ge3+\dfrac{2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a}{b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{c+a}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b}\ge5-\dfrac{6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a}{b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{c+a}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b}+\dfrac{6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge5\)
Do \(\dfrac{2a}{b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{c+a}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b}=\dfrac{2a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{2b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{2c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge5\)
Điều này hiển nhiên đúng do:
\(VT=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(VT\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{12\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}+\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+1}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(c+1\right)^2}\)
Mặt khác:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}+1.1\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}+1.1\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+ab}\)
Do đó:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+1}+\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+bc}+\dfrac{1}{1+ca}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+1}+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{c}}+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{a}}+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{b}}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
cho em hỏi một tí ạ
Chộ \(\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}+1.1\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}+1.1\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)}\)
áp dụng công thức gì đây ạ
Ta có
\(\left(a^2+2\right)\left(b^2+2\right)=\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)+a^2+b^2+3\ge\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}+3=\frac{3}{2}\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+2\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{3}{2}\left[\left(a+b\right)^2.c^2+4+2\left(a+b\right)^2+2c^2\right]\)
\(\ge\frac{3}{2}\left[4\left(a+b\right)c+2\left(a+b\right)^2+2c^2\right]=VP\)
=> ĐPCM
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi
\(a=b=c=\frac{\pm1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Đề PBC 2015-2016 nè