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a) - ( - a + c – d ) – ( c – a + d )
= a - c - d - c + a + d
= (a + a) + (-c - c) + (-d + d)
= 2a - 2c
b) – ( a + b - c + d ) + ( a – b – c –d )
= - a - b + c - d + a - b - c - d
= (-a + a) + (-b - b) + (c - c) + (-d - d)
= -2b - 2d
a) - ( - a + c - d) - ( c - a + d )
= a - c + d - c + a - d
= 2a
b) - ( a+ b - c + d ) + ( a -b -c -d )
= - a-b+c-d+a-b-c-d
=-2d -2b
c) a(b-c-d) - a(b+c-d)
= a(b-c-d-b-c+d)
= ab-ac-ad-ab-ac+ad
= -2ab-2ac
d) (a+b)(c+d)-(a+d)(b+c)
= ac+ad+bc+bd - (ab+ac+bd+cd)
= ac+ad+bc+bd-ab-ac-bd-cd
=ad+bc-ab-cd
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1) \(=ac+ad+bc+bd-ab-ac-db-dc=ad+bc-dc-ab=d\left(a-c\right)-b\left(a-c\right)=\left(a-c\right)\left(d-b\right)\)
2) \(=ac-ad+bc-bd-ac-ad+bc+bd=2bc-2ad=2\left(bc-ad\right)\)
3) \(\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(a-b\right)=a^2+2ab+b^2-a^2+2ab-b^2=4ab\)
\(-\left(a+c-d\right)-\left(c-a+d\right)\)
=\(-a-c+d-c+a-d\)
=\(\left(-a+a\right)-\left(c-c\right)+\left(d-d\right)\)
=\(0-0+0\)
\(=0\)
-(a+c-d)-(c-a+d)
=-a-c+d-c+a-d
= -2c
Đ/s : -2c