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43,71 gam hỗn hợp: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}M_2CO_3:a\left(mol\right)\\MHCO_3:b\left(mol\right)\\MCl:c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow60\left(a+b\right)+M\left(2a+b+c\right)+b+35,5c=43,71\left(I\right)\)
\(M_2CO_3\left(a\right)+2HCl\left(2a\right)\rightarrow2MCl\left(2a\right)+CO_2\left(a\right)+H_2O\)
\(MHCO_3\left(b\right)+HCl\left(b\right)\rightarrow MCl\left(b\right)+CO_2\left(b\right)+H_2O\)
Dung dịch A: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}MCl:2a+b+c\left(mol\right)\\HCl\left(dư\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khí B là \(CO_2:\left(a+b\right)mol\)
\(n_{CO_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=0,4\left(II\right)\)
Gọi d là số mol HCl dư
- Phần 1:
\(MCl\left(a+0,5b+0,5c\right)+AgNO_3\rightarrow AgCl\left(a+0,5b+0,5c\right)+MNO_3\)
\(HCl\left(0,5d\right)+AgNO_3\rightarrow AgCl\left(0,5d\right)+HNO_3\)
\(n_{AgCl}=0,48\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+0,5b+0,5c+0,5d=0,48\left(III\right)\)
- Phần 2:
Cho phần 2 qua dd KOH thì chỉ có HCl dư tdung
\(HCl\left(0,5d\right)+KOH\left(0,5d\right)\rightarrow KCl\left(0,5d\right)+H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow0,5d=0,1\)
\(\Rightarrow d=0,2\)
Thay vào (III) => \(a+0,5b+0,5c=0,38\left(IV\right)\)
29,68 gam Muối khan: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}MCl:a+0,5b+0,5c\left(mol\right)\\KCl:0,5d=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M\left(a+0,5b+0,5c\right)+35,5\left(a+0,5b+0,5c\right)+7,45=29,68\)
Thay (IV) vào \(\Leftrightarrow0,38M=8,74\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=23\left(Na\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+35,5c=2,23\\a+b=0,4\\a+0,5b+0,5c=0,38\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,3\\b=0,1\\c=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> %m mỗi muối
\(\sum n_{HCl}=n_{HCl}\left(pư\right)+n_{HCl}\left(dư\right)=2a+b+d=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)V dung dịch HCl.
a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 24x + 56y = 8 (1)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 95x + 127y = 22,2 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ x = y = 0,1 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{8}.100\%=30\%\\\%m_{Fe}=70\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+2n_{Fe}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{1}=0,4\left(l\right)\)
a,\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: x x
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y=30,7\\x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,3.65.100\%}{30,7}=63,52\%;\%m_{Fe}=100\%-63,52\%=36,48\%\)
b,
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,3 0,6
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,4
nHCl = 0,6+0,4 = 1 (mol)
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)=500\left(ml\right)\)
