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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
S = \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...\frac{1}{2^{2012}}+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
2S = \(1+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...\frac{1}{2^{2011}}+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
S = 2S - S = \(\left(1+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...\frac{1}{2^{2011}}+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\right)\) - \(\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...\frac{1}{2^{2012}}+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\right)\)
S = 1 - \(\frac{1}{2013}\)
Vì 1 trừ cho số nào lớn hơn 0 thì hiệu đó cũng bé hơn 1
=> S < 1 (đpcm)
S=\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
2S=\(1+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
S=2S-S=(\(1+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\))-(\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\))
S=1-\(\frac{1}{2013}\)
Vì 1 trừ cho số nào lớn hơn 0 thì hiệu đó cũng bé hơn 1
=>S<1
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Giả sử có tấm bìa diện tích 1.
Ta cắt ra 1/2 tấm bìa, lấy đi 1 phần, rồi lại cắt ra 1/2 tấm còn lại (tức là 1/4), rồi lấy đi một phần...
Cứ làm như vậy 2013 lần thì ta đã lấy đi một diện tích \(S\), nhưng vẫn còn một góc bìa chưa bị lấy đi.
Vậy \(S< 1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Giải
Ta có: \(S=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}+\dfrac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2S=\dfrac{2}{2}+\dfrac{2}{2^2}+\dfrac{2}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{2}{2^{2012}}+\dfrac{2}{2^{2013}}\)
\(2S=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{2011}}+\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2S-S=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{2011}}+\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2^2}-\dfrac{1}{2^3}-...-\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}-\dfrac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=1-\dfrac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\dfrac{2^{2013}-1}{2^{2013}}\)
b) Giải
Từ \(A=\dfrac{2011^{2012}+1}{2011^{2013}+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2011A=\dfrac{2011^{2013}+20111}{2011^{2013}+1}=\dfrac{2011^{2013}+1+2010}{2011^{2013}+1}=1+\dfrac{2010}{2011^{2013}+1}\)
Từ \(B=\dfrac{2011^{2013}+1}{2011^{2014}+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2011B=\dfrac{2011^{2014}+2011}{2011^{2014}+1}=\dfrac{2011^{2014}+1+2010}{2011^{2014}+1}=1+\dfrac{2010}{2011^{2014}+1}\)
Vì 20112013 + 1 < 20112014 + 1 và 2010 > 0
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2010}{2011^{2013}+1}>\dfrac{2010}{2011^{2014}+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2011A>2011B\)
\(\Rightarrow A>B\)
Vậy A > B.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+....+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
\(=>2A=2+1+\frac{1}{2}+.....+\frac{1}{2^{2011}}\)
\(=>2A-A=\left(2+1+\frac{1}{2}+....+\frac{1}{2^{2011}}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+....+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\right)\)
\(=>A=2-\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(S=1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2012^2}\)
\(< 1+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2011.2012}\)
\(=1+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}-\frac{1}{2012}\)
\(=2-\frac{1}{2012}< 2\)
mà \(S>1\)
do đó ta có đpcm.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có :
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+............+\dfrac{1}{2012^2}+\dfrac{1}{2013^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...............+\dfrac{1}{2011.2012}+\dfrac{1}{2012.2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...........+\dfrac{1}{2011}-\dfrac{1}{2012}+\dfrac{1}{2012}-\dfrac{1}{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2013}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1\rightarrowđpcm\)
Lời giải:
Dễ thấy:
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}=\dfrac{1}{2.2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}=\dfrac{1}{3.3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\)
\(....\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2012^2}=\dfrac{1}{2012.2012}< \dfrac{1}{2011.2012}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2013^2}=\dfrac{1}{2013.2013}< \dfrac{1}{2012.2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2011.2012}+\dfrac{1}{2012.2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2011}-\dfrac{1}{2012}+\dfrac{1}{2012}-\dfrac{1}{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1\left(dpcm\right)\)
Ta có: 1/2^2<1/1.2
1/3^2<1/2.3
......
1/2013^2<1/2012.2013
⇒ S<1/1.2+1/2.3+....+1/2012.2013
S<1-1/2+1/2-1/3+...+1/2012-1/2013
S<1-1/2013
S<2012/2013<1
⇒S<1