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Đặt x,y, z lần lượt là số mol của Na,Al,Mg trong m gam hỗn hợp A
m gam A + H2O dư
\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
x--------------------x--------->0,5x
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
x<------x-------------------------------------->1,5x
=> \(0,5x+1,5x=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) (1)
2m gam A + NaOH
\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
2x------------------------------->x
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
2y---------------------------------------------->3y
=> \(x+3y=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) (2)
3m gam A + HCl
\(Na+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
3x--------------------------->1,5x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
3y----------------------------->4,5y
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
3z----------------------------->3z
=> \(1,5x+4,5y+3z=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)\) (3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) =>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=\dfrac{7}{60}\\z=\dfrac{2}{15}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(m_{Na}=0,05.23=1,15\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=\dfrac{7}{60}.27=3,15\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2}{15}.24=3,2\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m=1,15+3,15+3,2=7,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{1,15}{7,5}.100=15,33\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{3,15}{7,5}.100=42\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,2}{7,5}.100=42,67\%\)
\(2Na+2H2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H2\left(1\right)\)
\(2Al+2NaOH+2H2O\rightarrow2NaAlO2+3H2\left(2\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl3+3H2\left(3\right)\)
\(2Na+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H2\left(4\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl2+H2\left(5\right)\)
\(n_{H2\left(1\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Na}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{Na}=4,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2\left(2\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al}=7,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H2\left(3\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2\left(4\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H2\left(5\right)}=1-0,4-0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=12\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m=12+4,6+7,2=23,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{4,6}{23,8}.100\%=19,33\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{7,2}{23,8}.100\%=30,25\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=100-19,33-30,25=50,42\%\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
nH2 = 0.73
gọi nMg=x mol ,nAl=y mol,nZn = z mol
Có hệ sau :\(\begin{cases}24x+27y+65z=19,46\\24x=27y\\2x+y+2z=0,73.2\end{cases}\)
=>x = 0.27 mol,
y = 0.24mol
,z = 0.1 mol
mMg = mAl = 6.48 => % Al = %Mg = 33.3%
=> % Zn = 33.4%
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(CH_3COOC_2H_5+NaOH\rightarrow CH_3COONa+C_2H_5OH\)
0,1<-----------------0,1-------------------------------->0,1
\(C_2H_5OH+Na\rightarrow C_2H_5ONa+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
0,15<--------------------------------0,075
\(\rightarrow n_{C_2H_5OH\left(bđ\right)}=0,15-0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow m=0,05.46+88.0,1=11,1\left(g\right)\)
a) Gọi số mol Mg, Al, Fe trong m gam hỗn hợp là a, b, c (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
_______a--------------------->a------->a_______(mol)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
_b-------------------->b------->1,5b___________(mol)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
_c------------------>c------->c_______________(mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+1,5b+c=0,35\left(1\right)\\95a+133,5b+127c=35,55\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác:
PTHH: \(Mg+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgCl_2\)
_______a--------------->a_________(mol)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2AlCl_3\)
_b----------------->b______________(mol)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\)
_c------------------>c______________(mol)
=> 95a + 133,5b + 162,5 = 39,1 (3)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m = 24.0,1 + 27.01 + 56.0,1 = 10,7(g)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=27.0,1=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Cu} = a ; n_{Al} = b ; n_{Fe} = c(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 64a + 27b + 56c = 28,6(1)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = 1,5b + c = \dfrac{13,44}{22,4} = 0,6(2)\\ \text{Mặt khác} : n_{O_2} = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Cu + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CuO\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ 4Fe + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe_2O_3\\ \)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{n_X}{n_{O_2}}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{0,5a +0,75b + 0,75c} = \dfrac{0,6}{0,4}(3)\\ (1)(2)(3)\Rightarrow a = \dfrac{317}{1460} ; b = \dfrac{121}{365}; c = \dfrac{15}{146}\\ \%m_{Cu} = \dfrac{\dfrac{317}{1460}.64}{28,6}.100\% = 48,59\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{\dfrac{121}{365}.27}{28,6}.100\% = 31,3\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 41,59\% - 31,3\% = 27,11\%\)
a) \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(1\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\left(2\right)\\ 2Al+2NaOH+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2\)
Cho hỗn hợp tác dụng với NaOH, chất rắn không tan là Fe
=> mFe= 1,12 (g) \(\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\Sigma n_{H_2}-n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=0,065-0,02=0,045\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,03.27=0,81\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=41,97\%,\%m_{Fe}=58,03\%\)
b) \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,02.127=2,54\left(g\right)\\ m_{AlCl_3}=0,03.133,5=4,005\left(g\right)\)