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Bài 1 :
\(3x+5=2\left(x-\frac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x+5=2x-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5+\frac{1}{2}=2x-3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{11}{2}=-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{-11}{2}=x\)
Vậy \(x=\frac{-11}{2}\)
Bài 2:
a, \(\left|x+\frac{19}{5}\right|+\left|y+\frac{2018}{2019}\right|+\left|z-3\right|=0\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left|x+\frac{19}{5}\right|\ge0\\\left|y+\frac{2018}{2019}\right|\ge0\\\left|z-3\right|\ge0\end{cases}}\)
Mà \(\left|x+\frac{19}{5}\right|+\left|y+\frac{2018}{2019}\right|+\left|z-3\right|=0\)
\(\Rightarrow+,\left|x+\frac{19}{5}\right|=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{19}{5}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-19}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow+,\left|y+\frac{2018}{2019}\right|=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y+\frac{2018}{2019}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y=\frac{-2018}{2019}\)
\(\Rightarrow+,\left|z-3\right|=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow z-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow z=3\)
Vậy \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{-19}{5}\\y=\frac{-2018}{2019}\\z=3\end{cases}}\)
b, Ta có : \(\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|+\left|2y+4\right|+\left|z-5\right|\ge0\)
Vì : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|\ge0\\\left|2y+4\right|\ge0\\\left|z-5\right|\ge0\end{cases}}\)
Mà : \(\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|+\left|2y+4\right|+\left|z-5\right|\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow+,\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x\inℚ\)
\(\Rightarrow+,\left|2y+4\right|\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow y\inℚ\)
\(\Rightarrow+,\left|z-5\right|\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow z\inℚ\)
Vậy chỉ cần \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\inℚ\\y\inℚ\\z\inℚ\end{cases}}\)thì thỏa mãn.
Lời giải:
Từ đkđb suy ra:
$x-y=\frac{1}{z}-\frac{1}{y}=\frac{y-z}{yz}$
$y-z=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{z}=\frac{z-x}{xz}$
$z-x=\frac{1}{y}-\frac{1}{x}=\frac{x-y}{xy}$
$\Rightarrow (x-y)(y-z)(z-x)=\frac{(y-z)(z-x)(x-y)}{(xyz)^2}$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(1-\frac{1}{x^2y^2z^2})=0$
$\Rightarrow (x-y)(y-z)(z-x)=0$ hoặc $1-\frac{1}{x^2y^2z^2}=1$
$\Rightarrow (x-y)(y-z)(z-x)=0$ hoặc $x^2y^2z^2=1$
Nếu $(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)=0$
$\Rightarrow x=y$ hoặc $y=z$ hoặc $z=x$
Không mất tquat giả sử $x=y$. Khi đó: $\frac{1}{y}=\frac{1}{z}$
$\Rightarrow y=z$
$\Rightarrow x=y=z$. Tương tự khi xét $y=z$ hoặc $z=x$ thì ta cũng thu được $x=y=z$
Vậy $x=y=z$ hoặc $x^2y^2z^2=1$
a,
\(\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|\ge0\forall x\\ \left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|\ge0\forall y\\ \left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|\ge0\forall z\\ \Rightarrow\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|+\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|+\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|\ge0\forall x,y,z\)
Mà
\(\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|+\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|+\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|\le0\\ \Rightarrow\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|+\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|+\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|=0\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|=0\\\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|=0\\\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{9}{2}=0\\y+\dfrac{4}{3}=0\\z+\dfrac{7}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-9}{2}\\y=\dfrac{-4}{3}\\z=\dfrac{-7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(x=\dfrac{-9}{2};y=\dfrac{-4}{3};z=\dfrac{-7}{2}\)
d,
\(\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|\ge0\forall x\\ \left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|\ge0\forall y\\ \left|x+y+z\right|\ge0\forall x,y,z\\ \Rightarrow\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|+\left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|+\left|x+y+z\right|\ge0\forall x,y,z\)
Mà
\(\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|+\left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|+\left|x+y+z\right|=0\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|=0\\\left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|=0\\\left|x+y+z\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\\y-\dfrac{1}{5}=0\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\\y=\dfrac{1}{5}\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\\y=\dfrac{1}{5}\\\dfrac{-3}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\\y=\dfrac{1}{5}\\\dfrac{-11}{20}+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\\y=\dfrac{1}{5}\\z=\dfrac{11}{20}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left|2x-3y\right|+\left|2y+3z\right|+\left|x+y+z\right|=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-3y=0\\2y+3z=0\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=3y\\3z=-2y\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3y}{2}\\z=\dfrac{-2y}{3}\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z=0\)
