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1.
\(y^2+y\left(x^3+x^2+x\right)+x^5-x^4+2x^3-2x^2\)
\(\Delta=\left(x^3+x^2+x\right)^2-4\left(x^5-x^4+2x^3-2x^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^3-x^2+3x\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{-x^3-x^2-x+x^3-x^2+3x}{2}=-x^2+x\\y=\dfrac{-x^3-x^2-x-x^3+x^2-3x}{2}=-x^3-2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Hay đa thức trên có thể phân tích thành:
\(\left(x^2-x+y\right)\left(x^3+2x+y\right)\)
Dựa vào đó em tự tách cho phù hợp
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(1,a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow a=-b-c\Leftrightarrow a^2=b^2+2bc+c^2\Leftrightarrow b^2+c^2=a^2-2bc\)
Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=c^2-2ab\\c^2+a^2=b^2-2ac\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow N=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2+2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2+2ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2+2ac}\\ \Leftrightarrow N=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc+3abc}{2abc}\\ \Leftrightarrow N=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+3abc}{2abc}\\ \Leftrightarrow N=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
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Bài 1:
\(P=(x+1)\left(1+\frac{1}{y}\right)+(y+1)\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(=2+x+y+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\geq 2\)
\(x+\frac{1}{2x}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(y+\frac{1}{2y}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT SVac-xơ kết hợp với Cô-si:
\(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{2y}\geq \frac{4}{2x+2y}=\frac{2}{x+y}\geq \frac{2}{\sqrt{2(x^2+y^2)}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
Cộng các BĐT trên :
\(\Rightarrow P\geq 2+2+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}=4+3\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=4+3\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Svac-xơ:
\(\frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+a+2c}\geq \frac{4}{2a+4b+2c}=\frac{2}{a+2b+c}\)
\(\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{b+c+2a}\geq \frac{4}{2b+4c+2a}=\frac{2}{b+2c+a}\)
\(\frac{1}{c+3a}+\frac{1}{c+a+2b}\geq \frac{4}{2c+4a+2b}=\frac{2}{c+2a+b}\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn :
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{c+3a}\geq \frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2b+c+a}+\frac{1}{2c+a+b}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
a. ĐKXĐ: $x>1$
\(B=\frac{\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x-1}}{\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{x-1}}=\frac{(\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x-1})^2}{2}=x+\sqrt{x^2-1}\)
b.
\(B=\frac{a^2+b^2}{2ab}+\sqrt{\frac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{2ab}.\frac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{2ab}}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+b^2}{2ab}+\sqrt{\frac{(a+b)^2(a-b)^2}{(2ab)^2}}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{2ab}+\frac{|a-b||a+b|}{|2ab|}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{2ab}+\frac{a^2-b^2}{2ab}=\frac{a}{b}\)
c.
$B\leq 1\Leftrightarrow (x-1)+\sqrt{x^2-1}\leq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x-1}(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{x+1})\leq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x-1}\leq 0$
Mà $\sqrt{x-1}>0$ với mọi $x<1$ nên điều này vô lý)
Vậy không tồn tại $x$ thỏa đkđb
d.
$B=2\Leftrightarrow x+\sqrt{x^2-1}=2$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x^2-1}=2-x$
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 2-x\geq 0\\ x^2-1=(2-x)^2=x^2-4x+4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{5}{4}\)
Thử lại thấy thỏa mãn
Vậy......
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\left(\dfrac{x-4}{2x-4}+\dfrac{2}{x^2-2x}\right):\dfrac{x-2}{x+1}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{x-4}{2\left(x-2\right)}+\dfrac{2}{x\left(x-2\right)}\right).\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(x-4\right)+4}{2x\left(x-2\right)}.\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2-4x+4}{2x\left(x-2\right)}.\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2\left(x+1\right)}{2x\left(x-2\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+1}{2x}\)
Mình làm nốt bài 2 nhé :
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=1\)
⇔ \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)=a+b+c\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{a^2+a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2+b\left(c+a\right)}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2+c\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}=a+b+c\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+a+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+b+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+c=a+b+c\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}=0\)