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Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(P=\frac{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x^3}-8)}{x+2\sqrt{x}+4}-\frac{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}+1)}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{2(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+2)}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-2)(x+2\sqrt{x}+4)}{x+2\sqrt{x}+4}-\frac{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}+1)}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{2(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+2)}{\sqrt{x}-2}=\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-2)-(\sqrt{x}+1)+2(\sqrt{x}+2)\)
\(=x-2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}-1+2\sqrt{x}+4=x-\sqrt{x}+3\)
$=(\sqrt{x}-\frac{1}{2})^2+\frac{11}{4}\geq \frac{11}{4}$ với mọi $x>0; x\neq 4$
$\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b}=\frac{11}{4}$
Vì $a,b$ nguyên dương và $\frac{a}{b}$ tối giản nên $a=11; b=4$
$\Rightarrow a+b=11+4=15$
Áp dụng bđt bunhia cho 2 bộ số \(\left(\frac{a}{x};\frac{b}{y}\right),\left(x;y\right)\)ta được
\(\left(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}\right)\left(x+y\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{x}.x}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{y}.y}\right)^2\)
\(\rightarrow x+y\ge\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\)
\(MinS=\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^{22}\)
2. Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\) :
\(B=\frac{x}{x+x+y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y+y+z}+\frac{z}{x+y+z+z}\) \(=x\cdot\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+y\cdot\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}+z\cdot\frac{1}{\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}\cdot x\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)+\frac{1}{4}y\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)+\frac{1}{4}z\left(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{x}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+z}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
4. Ta có: \(a+b+c=6abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=6\)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=6\)
Lại có: \(\frac{bc}{a^3\left(c+2b\right)}=\frac{1}{a^3\frac{c+2b}{bc}}=\frac{\frac{1}{a^3}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}}=\frac{x^3}{y+2z}\)
Tương tự suy ra:
\(S=\frac{x^3}{y+2z}+\frac{y^3}{z+2x}+\frac{z^3}{x+2y}\)
\(=\frac{x^4}{xy+2zx}+\frac{y^4}{yz+2xy}+\frac{z^4}{zx+2yz}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{3}\ge\frac{xy+yz+zx}{3}=2\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)