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\(sigma\frac{a}{1+b^2}=sigma\left(a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\right)\ge sigma\left(a\right)-sigma\frac{ab}{2}\ge3-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}>\frac{2018}{2003}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài hay quá!
Đặt \(a=\frac{3x}{x+y+z};b=\frac{3y}{x+y+z};c=\frac{3z}{x+y+z}\left(x;y;z>0\right)\)
Sau khi quy đồng cần chứng minh:
\(2\, \left( x+y+z \right) \left( {x}^{4}y+{x}^{4}z+3\,{x}^{3}{y}^{2}- 11\,{x}^{3}yz+3\,{x}^{3}{z}^{2}+3\,{x}^{2}{y}^{3}+3\,{x}^{2}{y}^{2}z+3 \,{x}^{2}y{z}^{2}+3\,{x}^{2}{z}^{3}+x{y}^{4}-11\,x{y}^{3}z+3\,x{y}^{2} {z}^{2}-11\,xy{z}^{3}+x{z}^{4}+{y}^{4}z+3\,{y}^{3}{z}^{2}+3\,{y}^{2}{z }^{3}+y{z}^{4} \right) \geq 0 \)(gõ Latex, không biết ad đã fix lỗi chưa, nếu nó không hiện thì hỏi ad, đừng hỏi em!)
Hay là: \( \left( {x}^{4}y+{x}^{4}z+3\,{x}^{3}{y}^{2}- 11\,{x}^{3}yz+3\,{x}^{3}{z}^{2}+3\,{x}^{2}{y}^{3}+3\,{x}^{2}{y}^{2}z+3 \,{x}^{2}y{z}^{2}+3\,{x}^{2}{z}^{3}+x{y}^{4}-11\,x{y}^{3}z+3\,x{y}^{2} {z}^{2}-11\,xy{z}^{3}+x{z}^{4}+{y}^{4}z+3\,{y}^{3}{z}^{2}+3\,{y}^{2}{z }^{3}+y{z}^{4} \right) \geq 0 \)
Or:
\(9\, \left( 1/4\, \left( x-2\,z+y \right) ^{2}+3/4\, \left( -y+x \right) ^{2} \right) {z}^{3}+3\, \left( x-2\,z+y \right) ^{3}{z}^{2}+ \left( \left( 3/4\, \left( x-2\,z+y \right) ^{2}+1/4\, \left( -y+x \right) ^{2} \right) \left( -y+x \right) ^{2}+ \left( x-z \right) ^{ 4}+ \left( y-z \right) ^{4} \right) z+ \left( x-z \right) \left( y-z \right) \left( \left( x-z \right) ^{3}+3\, \left( x-z \right) ^{2} \left( y-z \right) +3\, \left( x-z \right) \left( y-z \right) ^{2}+ 21\, \left( x-z \right) \left( y-z \right) z+ \left( y-z \right) ^{3} \right) \geq 0 \)
Cách xử trí: Nếu nó không hiện: Sau khi quy đồng, ta biến đối nó về như trong link sau: https://imgur.com/D8ScX4k
Cách khác:
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+3\)
Or \(2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+3\)
Or \(2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge12\)
Or: \(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge6\)
Giả sử \(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow ab\ge a+b-1\)(*)
Do đó: \(VT=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}+ab+bc+ca\)
\(\ge\frac{a+b+c\left(a+b\right)-1}{\frac{c\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}}+a+b+c\left(a+b\right)-1\)
\(=\frac{4\left(c+1\right)\left(a+b\right)-4}{c\left(a+b\right)^2}+\left(c+1\right)\left(a+b\right)-1\)
\(=\frac{4\left(c+1\right)\left(3-c\right)-4}{c\left(3-c\right)^2}+\left(c+1\right)\left(3-c\right)-1\ge6\)
Last inequality\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(2-c\right)^3\left(c-1\right)^2}{c\left(c-3\right)^2}\ge0\). Nếu c < 2 thì ta có đpcm.
Nếu \(c\ge2\)
\(VT=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(>\frac{4}{a+b}+ab+c\left(a+b\right)\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+2\left(a+b\right)\ge2\sqrt{8}>3\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(1+b^2\ge2b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2};\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ca}{2}\)
Cộng vế với vế 3 BĐT trên ta được: \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}=3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Mà \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)
Nên \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge3-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{6}=3-\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)(đpcm).
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{3}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{3}+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c}\right)^2}{3}+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}=\frac{3^2}{3}+\frac{2.9}{9}=5\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(2a+b^2=2a\left(a+b+c\right)+b^2=b^2+2a^2+2ab+2ac\)
\(\ge4ab+2ac+a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{2a+b^2}\le\frac{a}{4ab+2ac+a^2}=\frac{1}{4b+2c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{49}.\frac{49}{4b+2c+a}=\frac{1}{49}.\frac{\left(4+2+1\right)^2}{4b+2c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{49}\left(\frac{16}{4b}+\frac{4}{2c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)=\frac{1}{49}\left(\frac{4}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
CMTT: \(\frac{b}{2b+c^2}\le\frac{1}{49}\left(\frac{4}{c}+\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right);\frac{c}{2c+a^2}\le\frac{1}{49}\left(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{2a+b^2}+\frac{b}{2b+c^2}+\frac{c}{2c+a^2}\le\frac{1}{7}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm )
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Sửa đề: Cho a, b, c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn điều kiện abc=1. Chứng minh rằng
\(\frac{1}{ab+b+2}+\frac{1}{bc+c+2}+\frac{1}{ca+a+2}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{1}{ab+b+2}=\frac{1}{ab+1+b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)\) \(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{abc}{ab\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{bc+c+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{ca+a+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{1}{a+1}\right)\)
Cộng từng vế các bđt trên ta được
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a+1}{a+1}+\frac{b+1}{b+1}+\frac{c+1}{c+1}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy bđt được chứng minh
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta viết lại bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh thành\(\sqrt{\frac{2\left(a+3\right)}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{2\left(b+3\right)}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{2\left(c+3\right)}{c+ab}}\ge6\)
Theo giả thiết, ta có a + b + c = 3 nên\(\sqrt{\frac{2\left(a+3\right)}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{2\left(a+a+b+c\right)}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{2\left(\frac{a+b}{a+bc}+\frac{a+c}{a+bc}\right)}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{a+bc}}\)(Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\sqrt{2\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\))
Hoàn toàn tương tự, ta được: \(\sqrt{\frac{2\left(b+3\right)}{b+ca}}\ge\sqrt{\frac{b+a}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{b+ca}}\); \(\sqrt{\frac{2\left(c+3\right)}{c+ab}}\ge\sqrt{\frac{c+a}{c+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+b}{c+ab}}\)
Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\sqrt{\frac{2\left(a+3\right)}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{2\left(b+3\right)}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{2\left(c+3\right)}{c+ab}}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+a}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+a}{c+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+b}{c+ab}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức, ta được: \(\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{b+ca}}\ge\frac{4\sqrt{a+b}}{\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ca}}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{a+b}}{\sqrt{a+bc+b+ca}}=\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{c+1}}\)(*)
Tương tự ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{c+ab}}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{a+1}}\)(**) ; \(\sqrt{\frac{c+a}{c+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+a}{a+bc}}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{b+1}}\)(***)
Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức (*), (**) và (***) suy ra \(\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+a}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+a}{c+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+b}{c+ab}}\)\(\ge\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{b+1}}\)
Do đó ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{2\left(a+3\right)}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{2\left(b+3\right)}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{2\left(c+3\right)}{c+ab}}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{b+1}}\)
Phép chứng minh sẽ hoàn tất nếu ta chỉ ra được \(\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{b+1}}\ge6\)hay \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+1}}\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Thật vậy, áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy – Schwarz ta được \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+1}}\ge\frac{9}{\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+1}}\ge\frac{9}{\sqrt{3\left(a+b+c+3\right)}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1