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PTHH: \(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{300\cdot98\%}{98}=3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgSO_4}=1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{120}{300+40}\cdot100\%\approx35,3\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{2\cdot98}{300+40}\cdot100\%\approx57,65\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{1,6}{80}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
0,02 0,02
\(n_{CuSO4}=\dfrac{0,02.1}{1}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{CuSO4}=0,02,160=3,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=1,6+300=301,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{CuSO4}=\dfrac{3,2.100}{301,6}=1,6\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=100.9,8\%=9,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O
Mol: 0,05 0,05 0,05
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\) ⇒ CuO hết, H2SO4 dư
\(C\%_{ddCuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,05.160.100\%}{4+100}=7,69\%\)
\(C\%_{ddH_2SO_4dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,1-0,05\right).98.100\%}{4+100}=4,71\%\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{9,8.100}{100}=9,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
0,05 0,1 0,05
Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\)
⇒ CuO phản ừng hết , H2SO4 dư
⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của CuO
\(n_{CuSO4}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{CuSO4}=0,05.160=8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=0,05.98=4,9\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=4+100=104\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{CuSO4}=\dfrac{8.100}{104}=7,69\)0/0
\(C_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4,9.100}{104}=4,71\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(a.2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=17,6\\1,5x+y=\dfrac{61}{112}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{43}{190}\\y=\dfrac{2183}{10640}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=34,72\%\\m_{Fe}=65,28\%\end{matrix}\right.\\ b.BTNT\left(H\right):n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{61}{112}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{61}{112}.98}{30\%}=177,92\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsaupu}=17,6+177,92-\dfrac{61}{11,2}.2=194,43\left(g\right)\\Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{43}{190}\\n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{2183}{10640}\end{matrix}\right. \\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=15,54\%;C\%_{FeCl_2}=13,4\%\)
\(a,\) Đặt \(\begin{cases} n_{Al}=x(mol)\\ n_{Fe}=y(mol \end{cases} \Rightarrow 27x+56y=17,6(1)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{12,2}{22,4}=0,54(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,54(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,22(mol)\\ y=0,21(mol) \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,22.27}{17,6}.100\%=33,75\%\\ \%_{Fe}=100\%-33,75\%=66,25\% \end{cases}\\ b,\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=1,5x+y=0,54(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,54.98}{30\%}=176,4(g)\)
\(m_{H_2}=0,54.2=1,08(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd{\text{ sau phản ứng}}}=17,6+176,4-1,08=192,92(g)\\ n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,11(mol);n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,21(mol)\\ \Sigma m_{\text{các chất sau phản ứng}}=m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}+m_{FeSO_4}=0,11.342+0,21.152=69,54(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{\text{chất sau phản ứng}}=\dfrac{69,54}{192,92}.100\%=36,05\%\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{1,6}{80}=0,02mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.20}{100.98}=\dfrac{10}{49}mol\\ CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,02}{1}< \dfrac{10:49}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4.dư\\ n_{CuO}=n_{CuSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4,pư}=0,02mol\\ C_{\%CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.160}{1,6+100}\cdot100=3,15\%\\ C_{\%H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(10:49-0,02\right)98}{1,6+100}\cdot100=17,76\%\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{1,6}{80}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=100.20\%=20\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{20}{98}=\dfrac{10}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,02}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{10}{49}}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{CuSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{CuO}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{10}{49}-0,02=\dfrac{451}{2450}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.160}{1,6+100}.100\%\approx3,15\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\dfrac{451}{2450}.98}{1,6+100}.100\%\approx17,76\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=196.40\%=78,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{78,4}{98}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,6 0,2
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{3}\) ⇒ Fe2O3 hết, H2SO4 dư
mdd sau pứ = 32 + 196 = 228 (g)
\(C\%_{ddFe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,2.400.100\%}{228}=35,09\%\)
\(C\%_{ddH_2SO_4dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,8-0,6\right).98.100\%}{228}=8,596\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{294}.100\%=20\%\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=58,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}=\dfrac{0,6}{3}\)
Vậy không có chất dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(m_{dd_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=294+5,4-\left(\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2.2\right)=298,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{34,2}{298,8}.100\%=11,45\%\)