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Bài 1:
a) (2x - y) + (2x - y) + (2x - y) + 3y
= 3(2x - y) + 3y
= 3(2x - y + 3y)
= 3(2x + 2y)
= 3.2(x + y)
= 6(x + y)
b) (x + 2y) + (x - 2y) + (8x - 3y)
= x + 2y + x - 2y + 8x - 3y
= 9x - 3y
= 3(3x - y)
c) (x + 2y) - 2(x - 2y) - (2x - 3y)
= x + 2y - 2x + 4y - 2x + 3y
= 9y - 3x
= 3(3y - x)
Bài 2:
M + 2(x2 - 4y2) + Q = 6x2 - 4xy + 5y2 + P
M + 2x2 - 8y2 -3x2 + 7xy - 2y2 = 6x2 - 4xy + 5y2 + 9x2 - 6xy + 3y2
M + 2x2 - 3x2 - 6x2 - 9x2 - 8y2 - 2y2 - 5y2 - 3y2 + 7xy + 4xy + 6xy = 0
M - 16x2 - 18y2 + 17xy = 0
M = 16x2 + 18y2 - 17xy
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\(P=\left(4x^2+3y\right)\left(4y^2+3x\right)+25xy\)
\(=16x^2y^2+12\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+34xy\)
\(=16x^2y^2+12\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\right]+22xy\)
\(=16x^2y^2-2xy+12\)
Đặt \(t=xy\Rightarrow B=16t^2-2t+12=16\left(t-\frac{1}{16}\right)^2+\frac{191}{16}\ge\frac{191}{16}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=1\\xy=\frac{1}{16}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{4}\\y=\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{4}\end{cases}}\) hoặc \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{4}\\y=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{4}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(B_{min}=\frac{191}{16}\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{4};\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{4}\right);\left(\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{4};\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{4}\right)\)
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a) Ta có: \(3x-y=13\) và \(2x-4y=60\)
Mà: \(2\left(x+2y\right)=60\Rightarrow x+2y=30\) (1)
Và: \(3x-y=13\Rightarrow6x-2y=26\) (2)
Cộng (1) với (2) theo vế ta có:
\(\left(x+6x\right)+\left(-2y+2y\right)=30+26\)
\(\Rightarrow7x=56\)
\(\Rightarrow x=8\)
Ta tìm được y:
\(8+2y=30\)
\(\Rightarrow2y=22\)
\(\Rightarrow y=11\)
\(A^2=\left(2x+3y\right)^2\le2\left(4x^2+9y^2\right)=26\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(-\sqrt{26}\le A\le\sqrt{26}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(A_{min}=-\sqrt{26}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{-\sqrt{26}}{4}\\y=\frac{-\sqrt{26}}{6}\end{cases}}\)\(;\)\(A_{max}=\sqrt{26}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{\sqrt{26}}{4}\\y=\frac{\sqrt{26}}{6}\end{cases}}\)
\(B^2=\left(\frac{1}{2}.2x+\frac{1}{3}.3y\right)^2\le\frac{13}{36}\left(4x^2+9x^2\right)=\frac{169}{36}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{-13}{6}\le B\le\frac{13}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(B_{min}=\frac{-13}{6}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{-3}{2}\\y=\frac{-2}{3}\end{cases}}\)\(;\)\(B_{max}=\frac{13}{6}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{3}{2}\\y=\frac{2}{3}\end{cases}}\)