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a) x2 - 2x + 5
= x2 - x - x + 1 + 4
= (x2 - x) - (x - 1) + 4
= x.(x-1) - (x-1) + 4
= (x-1)^2 + 4
Có: (x-1)^2 \(\ge\)0 => (x-1)^2 + 4\(\ge4\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x-1=0 => x = 1.
Vậy Min của x^2 - 2x + 5 bằng 4 khi x = 1
A = x2 - 3x - 5 = ( x2 - 3x + 9/4 ) - 29/4 = ( x - 3/2 )2 - 29/4 ≥ -29/4 ∀ x
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 3/2
=> MinA = -29/4 <=> x = 3/2
B = 5x - x2 - 2021 = -( x2 - 5x + 25/4 ) - 8059/4 = -( x - 5/2 )2 - 8059/4 ≤ -8059/4 ∀ x
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 5/2
=> MaxB = -8059/4 <=> x = 5/2
C = 4x2 - 4x - 11 = ( 4x2 - 4x + 1 ) - 12 = ( 2x - 1 )2 - 12 ≥ -12 ∀ x
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 1/2
=> MinC = -12 <=> x = 1/2
D = 3x - x2 - 15 = -( x2 - 3x + 9/4 ) - 51/4 = -( x - 3/2 )2 - 51/4 ≤ -51/4 ∀ x
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 3/2
=> MaxD = -51/4 <=> x = 3/2
\(A\left(x\right)=-\left(x^2-\frac{5}{3}x\right)+1=-3\left(x^2-2.x.\frac{5}{6}+\left(\frac{5}{6}\right)^2\right)+1+3.\left(\frac{5}{6}\right)^2\)
\(=-3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2+\frac{37}{12}\le\frac{37}{12}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x-\frac{5}{6}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{6}\)
Vậy GTLN của A là 37/12.
b, c làm tương tự.
Lời giải:
\(E=-3x^2+x-5=-(3x^2-x+5)=-[3(x^2-\frac{1}{3}x+\frac{1}{6^2})+\frac{59}{12}]\)
\(=-[3(x-\frac{1}{6})^2+\frac{59}{12}]\)
Ta thấy \(3(x-\frac{1}{6})^2\geq 0, \forall x\in\mathbb{R}\Rightarrow 3(x-\frac{1}{6})^2+\frac{59}{12}\geq \frac{59}{12}\)
\(\Rightarrow E=-[3(x-\frac{1}{6})^2+\frac{59}{12}]\leq \frac{-59}{12}\)
Vậy GTLN của $E$ là $\frac{-59}{12}$ khi $(x-\frac{1}{6})^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{6}$
\(A=-x^2+3x-5\)\(=-\dfrac{11}{4}-\left(x^2-2.\dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)=-\dfrac{11}{4}-\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\le-\dfrac{11}{4}\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow A_{max}=-\dfrac{11}{4}\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(B=5x-4x^2-3=-\dfrac{23}{16}-\left(4x^2-2.\dfrac{5}{4}.2x+\dfrac{25}{16}\right)\)\(=-\dfrac{23}{16}-\left(2x-\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2\)\(\le-\dfrac{23}{16}\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow B_{max}=-\dfrac{23}{16}\Leftrightarrow2x-\dfrac{5}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(C=5-4x-25x^2=\dfrac{129}{25}-\left(25x^2+2.5x.\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{4}{25}\right)\)\(=\dfrac{129}{25}-\left(5x+\dfrac{2}{5}\right)^2\le\dfrac{129}{25}\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{max}=\dfrac{129}{25}\Leftrightarrow5x+\dfrac{2}{5}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{2}{25}\)
\(D=3x-2x^2=-2\left(x^2-\dfrac{3}{2}x\right)=-2\left(x^2-2.\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{9}{8}\)\(=\dfrac{9}{8}-2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2\le\dfrac{9}{8}\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow D_{max}=\dfrac{9}{8}\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{3}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(E=2+6x-\dfrac{1}{4}x^2=-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x^2-24x\right)+2=-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x^2-2.12x+144\right)+38\)\(=38-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x-12\right)^2\le38\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow E_{max}=38\Leftrightarrow x-12=0\Leftrightarrow x=12\)
\(F=-5x^2+4x=-5\left(x^2-\dfrac{4}{5}x\right)=-5\left(x^2-2.\dfrac{2}{5}x+\dfrac{4}{25}\right)+\dfrac{4}{5}\)\(=\dfrac{4}{5}-5\left(x-\dfrac{2}{5}\right)^2\le\dfrac{4}{5}\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow F_{max}=\dfrac{4}{5}\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{2}{5}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(C=x^2-3x-5\)
\(C=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\frac{3}{2}+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{29}{4}\)
\(C=\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{29}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow C\ge\frac{-29}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x-\frac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
P.s: đây là tìm Cmin