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Choose the word which is pronounced differently from the other.
01. A. happy B. hour C. high D. hotel
02. A. so B. coat C. note D. bottom
03. A. put B. luck C. lung D. drunk
04. A. bare B. car C. card D. farm
05. A. come B. love C. women D. some
II. From each number, pick out one word which has the stress on the first syllable.
06. A. garbage B. junkyard C. protect D. treasure
07. A. collected B. published C. protected D. provided
08. A. recycle B. refreshment C. creatures D. reuse
09. A. limitation B. intermediate C. deforestation D. disappointed
10. A. garbage B. problem C. solution D. sewage
III. Choose the best option to complete these following sentences.
11. He_________ to find a job, but he had no luck.
A. tried hard B. hardly tried C. tried hardly D. try hardly
12. Solar energy doesn’t cause_________.
A. pollution B. polluted C. pollute D. pollutant
13. Are you looking forward_________ my letter?
A. to see B. to seeing C. saw D. seeing
14. “_________” means a piece of land full of rubbish.
A. junkyard B. treasure C. hedge D. stream
15. Dynamite_________ many years ago.
A. has invented B. invented C. was invented D. were invented
16. Mary said to me “ can you speak English ?” In reported speech the sentence will be: She asked me______
A. if I can speak English. B. if I could speak English.C. If can I speak English.D. If I could speak English?
17.I live very far from school. I wish________
A. I lived far from school. B. I lived close to school.
C. I live near the school now. D. I don’t live very far from school
18. If he_________ hard today, can he have a holiday tomorrow?
A. works B. will work C. worked D. would worked
19. Because there_________ no buses, we had to take a taxi.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
20. We plan to_________ this Saturday.
A. go hiked B. go hiking C. go to hike D. go hike
21. I’ll have to buy a map_________ I don’t know this area.
A. if B. because C. when D. because of
22. It is recommended that he_________ this course.
A. took B. take C. take D. taking
23. He’s running so fast. I_________ catch up with him.
A. cannot hardly B. can hardly C. not hardly D. could hardly
24. It is important that he_________ take the final examination.
A. has to B. have to C. had to D. having to
25. I will be_________ if she manages to sell that motorbike at a high price.
A. surprised B. surprise C. surprising D. to surprise
26. Unless you understand. I_________ explain it again to you.
A. am B. was C. will. D. would
27. If you know where she lives, please let me_________.
A. know B. knew C. known D. to know
28. If he_____IS____ a student, he will get a discount.
A. were B. was C. were D. will be
29. _________ you are interested in this film, don't go to see it at any cost.
A. Unless B. If C. Because D. So
30. If you like that book. l will give it_________ you as my present.
A. to B. from C. at D. for
31. If you are busy, we_________ this by ourselves.
A. will do B. did C. would do D. doing
32. How about_________ dinner with us on Sunday?
A. to have B. have C. have had D. having
33. My brother is very fond of_________ to pop and rock music.
A. listen B. to listen C. listening D. listens
34. Life today is very different_________ life 50 years ago.
A. to B. from C. with D. at
35. My uncle is a_________. He often does research in his laboratory.
A. science B. scientist C. scientific D. scientists
36. My father arrives in Singapore_________ Monday evening.
A. in B.at C. from D. on
37. John goes to his office every day except Sunday. _________ Sundays he stays at home.
A. On B. At C. In D. From
I. Pick out the word whose underline part is pronounced differently from the others
1. A. rivalry B. economic C. symbolic D. comic
2. A. fade B. fashion C. label D. plain
4. A. champagne B. check C. cheese D. choose
5. A. boxes B. washes C. watches D. goes
6. A. rose B. chose C. close D. lose
7. A. tent B. rely C. tend D. send
8. A. hobby B. honest C. humor D. hole
II. From each number, pick out one word which has the stress on the first syllable.
1. A. champagne B. inspire C. unique D. fashion
2. A. comic B. cotton C. equal D. unique
3. A. novel B. poet C. champagne D. symbol
4. A. rivalry B. occasion C. logical D. equally
5. A. economic B. economy C. minority D. encourage
I. Choose the word (A, B, C or D) whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. hates B. works C. stops D. lives
2. A. school B. child C. cheese D. church
III. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in each sentence
3. As soon as the spacecraft ____________ into space, the crew started to observe the sun.
A. has travelled B. had travelled C. travelled D. was travelling
4. Do you know the man ____________ car Jack driving?
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
5. Many people became _______________ because of the natural disasters every year.
A. homeland B. home sick C. homeless D. homework
6. A ________ is a tropical storm which reaches 120 km per hour in North and South America.
A. cyclone B. typhoon C. hurricane D. tornado
7. We couldn’t go on a picnic as planned _____________ it was raining hard.
A. however B. but C. because D. so
8. Chocolate and eggs are what children receive _______at _____ Easter.
A. at B. on C. in D. with
9. A disastrous earthquake_________ Sichuan in China last May.
A. collapsed B. struck C. occurred D. erupted
10. _____________ Christmas Eve, people often have parties late at night.
A. In B. At C. On D. From
11. Da Lat, ___________________she spent her childhood, is well-known for beautiful spots.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
12. “I promise I won’t be late again.” - “______________________.”
A. That’s a good idea B. I hope so C. No, thanks D. I’m sorry I can’t
15. _______ to the Internet, we can get the latest information around the world
A. Thanks B. Together C. Apart D. In addition
16. “Would you like a glass of green tea?” - “___________.”
A. No, let’s not B. No, I don’t C. No, thanks D. No, I wouldn’t
V. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Before the 1960s, Singapore was essential a trading nation. Since (17) ___________, it has developed a
more varied economy and has (18) __________ an important financial, trade, and transportation center.
Singapore has many banks, insurance, and finance companies, as (19) ___________ as a stock exchange.
Tourism is also important to the economy of Singapore.
There is (20) __________ unemployment in Singapore. The country’s annual income per capita (per
person) is one of the highest in Asia. The government of Singapore plays a major role in the country’s
economy. For example, it decides what benefits, such as vacation and sick leave, must be (21) _________
for workers by employers. It also operates an employment agency to help people find jobs, and it provide
(22) __________ for retired workers.
17. A. then B. that C. there D. those
18. A. adapted B. adjusted C. become D. turned
19. A. long B. far C. much D. well
20. A. few B. little C. a little D. a few
21. A. provided B. given C. offered D. handed
2
22. A. wages B. fees C. earnings D. pensions
VI.Read the passage, and then decide if the statements that follow it are TRUE or FALSE.
The Internet has rapidly developed and become part of our daily life. It is a very fast and convenient
way to get information. People use the Internet for many purposes: education, communication, entertainment
and commerce. The internet helps people communicate with my friends and relatives by means of e-mail or
chatting. However, the Internet has some limitations. It is time-consuming and costly. It is also dangerous
because of viruses and bad programs. On the other hand, the Internet users sometimes have to suffer various
risks such as spam or electronic junk mail, and personal information leaking. In conclusion, the Internet has
both advantages and disadvantages.
23. The Internet has developed very quickly nowadays. T
24. It is very inconvenient to get information from the Internet. F
25. We only use the Internet for studying to improve our knowledge. F
26. The Internet is not only advantageous but also disadvantageous.T
27. According to the passage, it talks about ________________.
A. education B. Internet C. entertainment D. chatting
28. The Internet is ______________ in our daily life.
A. easy B. difficult C. safe D. important
I. From each number, pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. continent B. depend C. send D. pretend
2. A. says B. prays C. plays D. days
3. A. climate B. pride C. quit D. primary
4. A. may B. can C. stay D. say
5. A. boxes B. washes C. watches D. goes
II. From each number, pick out one word which has the stress on the first syllable.
1. A. scientist B. alive C. industrial D. advice
2. A. individual B. reputation C. experience D. scientific
3. A. television B. decoration C. introduction D. expectation
4. A. achievement B. pesticide C. minimize D. dynamite
5. A. prevent B. protect C. pollute D. purpose
III. Choose the word or the phrase or sentence that best completes each unfinished sentence below or that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase.
1. There used to ________ a movie theatre here, but it closed a long time ago.
A. be B. to be C. being D. been
2. The children are playing ________in the schoolyard.
A. happy B. happiness C. happier D. happily
. I wish they ________here tomorrow.
A. will come B. would come C. came D. to come
4. John ________write the letter to me last year.
A. is used to B. was used to C. used to D. used
5. It is difficult ________English in some weeks.
A. to speak B. speaking C. speaks D. speak
6. The capital of Malaysia is ________.
A. Hanoi B. Paris C. Kuala Lumpur D. Seoul
7. What is the traditional dress of Vietnamese women? It's ________ .
A. the suit B. the shirt C. the Ao dai D. the blouse
8. Rice is ________in tropical countries.
A. to grow B. grown C. grow D. grew
9. Two department stores ________.by them this year
A. have been built B. have built C. has been built D. has built
10. Nga is ________English for her work.
A. to study B. studied C. studying D. study
11. He arrived in England ________Monday evening.
A. in B. at C. of D. on
12. An wishes that he ________his parents.
A. would visited B. can visit C. could visiting D. could visit
13. Let's ________ to the cinema.
A. going B. to go C. go D. goes
14. I look forward to ________you.
A. see B. to see C. seeing D. saw
15. Millions of Christmas cards ________last month.
A. were sent B. sent C. send D. are sent
16. I ________English here since I graduated from Qui Nhon University.
A. teach B. taught C. have taught D. am teaching
17. He ______with his friends in an apartment in Ho Chi Minh City since last week.
A. living B. has lived C. lived D. live
18. We come to USA ________English.
A. study B. learning C. to learn D. studying
19. She ________try to learn English for her job.
A is B. has C. must D. was
20. I wish you ________us someday.
A. visit B. will visit C. visited D. would visit
21. I wish you ________me with my work last Monday.
A. help B. will help C. had helped D. would help
22. I remember ________her somewhere.
A. see B. seeing C. saw D. to see
23. Excuse me. Can I ________in this a area?
A. smoke B. smoking C. smoked D. to smoke
24. Can you turn ________the light? It is too dark.
A. on B. off C. down D. up
25. We have lived in Ha Noi________ 4 years.
A. since B. for C. on D. till
26. We will go________a picnic next week.
A. in B. at C. on D. to
27. Are you a stamp ________?
A. collecting B. collector C. collect D. collection
28. I want everybody to listen ________.
A. care B. careful C. careless D. carefully
29. Ann's birthday is ________February 14th.
A. in B. on C. for D. at
30. This isn't my first visit to London ________here before.
A. I'm B. I'm going to C. I've been D. I was
31. It's very crowded here. I wish ________.
A. there were a few people
B. there weren't so many people
C. there is no one
D. there was somebody here
32. I've known him ________I left school.
A. when B. before C. until D. since
33. Maria's English is excellent. She speaks English ________.
A. very perfect B. perfective C. perfectively D. perfectly
34. Is he an actor________a singer?
An actor. A. and B. or C. but D. so
35. Dickens is my ________English novelist
A. preferable B. favorable C. favorite D. likeable
36. I'm looking ________to hearing from you.
A. at B. after C. over D. forward
37. Please let Tim ________ with you.
A. go B. going C. to go D. goes
38. ________air is one of many problems we have to solve
A. pure B. polluted C. dust D. pleasant
39. He ________to find a job but he had no luck.
A. hardly tried B. tried hardly C. hard tried D. tried hard
40. Ba________ go to Dalat in summer when he was young.
A. use to B. used to C. is used to D. is used
41. He wishes he________ a pilot.
A. were B. is C. will be D. can be
42. He________ English for 4 years.
A. learns B. learnt C. has learnt D. will learn
43. Young people are fond of ________ Jeans.
A. to wear B. wearing C. wore D. worn
44. She sings very________
A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautify D. beautifully
45. She asked me where I ________ from.
A. come B. came C. to come D. coming
46. Could you please stop________ so much noise?
A. make B. making C. made D. to make
47. Be________! He is looking at you.
A. care B. careful C. carefully D. carelessly
48. Remember to turn ________ the lights before going to bed
. A. of B. off C. on D. up
49.Maryam and Lan are pen pals, they ________ two times a week.
A. correspond B. write letter C. meet D. phone each othe
r 50. Ha Noi is a ________ city.
A. Beauty B. beautiful C. beautifully D. friendly
IV. Each line has a mistake find and correct it
1.How about go for a walk on Sunday? => going
2.We are having a birthday party on Saturday evening next weekend. => next Sunday evening
3.She would like going out with her Mom. => to go
4.Let's me help you do home work. – No, thanks. I can manage. => let's => let
5.Bell started experimented with rays of transmitting speech. => experiencing
6. Everybody in my neighborhood are happy about new changes => is
7. This test is more easy than that one. => easier
8. We've learnt to play the piano for 2005. => since
9. I used to working for this company when I graduated. => work
10. We have the same idea with your Dad in the discussion. => as
V. Read the following passage and choose the best answers.
Tet is a national and .................... (1) festival in Vietnam . It is occasion for every Vietnamese to be reunited to think .................(2) their past activities and hope for good luck in the new year. Before Tet all houses .................. (3) whitewashed and ...................... (4) with colourful lights . Everybody is looking ......................... (5) to a better life. In the new year's eve, children are smartly dressed . ......................... (6) are hoping to receive money put in small red envelopes as they are wishing longevity to ................... (7) grandparents and parents. Wrong doings should ...................... (8) avoided on these days .
1. A. traditional B. modern C. compulsory D. convenient.
2. A. about B. with C. after D. for
3. A. was B. were C. are D. is
4. A. decorate B. decorating C. to decorate D. decorated
5. A. for B. forward C. after D. at
6. A. them B. who C. these D. they
7. A. his B. her C. my D. their
8. A. take B. not C. we D. be
VI. Give the correct form of word.
1- To Huu is a famous_______poet_______ (poetry).
2- His ________poetry_______ are interesting.(poet)
3- The internet has _______surprisingly_________ (surprise) developed in Vietnam.
4- I like watching the news best because it is very ___________informative_____ (inform) .
5- They have_______modernized_________ the Ao dai by printing lines of poetry on it. (modern)
6- Liz likes the_________peace_______ and the beauty of Ba's village. (peaceful)
7- You must be _______careful___ when you open that door . (care)
8- We can see many _____advertisements_____ on TV everyday . (advertise)
9- I watch the news everyday because it very _____ìnormative_____ . (inform) 10- He didn't feel happy because he worked ______únuccessfully____ . (success) 11- Our school has a lot of ____well-qualified______ teacher (qualify) 12- She received a lot of _____encouragement_____ from her mother . (encourage) 13- He was very ___proud_______ of the work he had done . (pride) 14- Do you have a ___national_______ costume in your country . (nation) 15- The children are more ____interested______ in cartoons . (interest) 16- Every student was very ____excited______ about the holiday . (excite) VII. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets Maryam and Lan (1. be) ____have been______ pen pals for over two years. Last week they (2. have) ___had_______the first meeting. Lan (3. take) ____took______ Maryam to Hoan Kiem Lake. They (4. visit) __visited________ Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum, the History Museum and Van Mieu, as well as many other beautiful parks and lakes in Hanoi. Lan (5. remember) ____remembered ______ there (6. be) ____was______ a mosque on Hang Luoc Street because she (7. use to) ____used to______ walk past it on her way to primary school. Lan (8. accompany) _____accompanied_____ Maryam to the mosque. She (9. enjoy) ______was enjoying____ the peaceful atmosphere while her pen pal (10. pray) _____was praying_____. VII. Finish the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, beginning with the given words or phrases
1. Mary always went swimming after school last year
Mary used to ____go swimming after school last year_____________________________
2. Maryam was impressed by Hanoi people
Hanoi people made ___impression on Maryam_________________________
3. Bahasa Malaysia is widely spoken in Malaysia
Malaysian people ___speak Bahasa Malaysia widely___________________________
1. A. fabulous B. affordable C. negative D. variety
2. A. forbidden B. reliable C. conflict D. determine
Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others:
3. A. organisation B. multicultural C. metropolitan D. university
4. A. pottery B. surface C. picture D. reliable
Pick out the word that is of the different topic (or part of speech) from the others:
5. A. dweller B. customer C. villager D. embroider
6. A. bronze B. clay C. iron D. gold
What does the sign say?
A. People ahead B. Elderly people ahead
Bài tập trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh lớp 9 Unit 6 The Environment
I. From each number, pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. happy B. hour C. high D. hotel
2. A. so B. coat C. note D. bottom
3. A. put B. luck C. lung D. drunk
4. A. bare B. car C. card D. farm
5. A. come B. love C. women D. some
6. A. many B. make C. fate D. pain
7. A. heat B. sweat C. threat D. thread
8. A. climb B. dictionary C. economic D. six
9. A. beg B. age C. gather D. guess
10. A. children B. choose C. child D. mechanic
II. From each number, pick out one word which has the stress on the first syllable.
1. A. garbage B. junkyard C. protect D. treasure
2. A. collected B. published C. protected D. provided
3. A. recycle B. refreshment C. creatures D. reuse
4. A. limitation B. intermediate C. desforestation D. disappointed
5. A. garbage B. problem C. solution D. sewage
III. Choose the word or the phrase or sentence that best completes each unfinished sentence below or that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase.
1. _________ air is one of the many problems we have to solve.
A. Pure B. Polluted C. Dust D. Pleasant
2. I’ll be in trouble if I _________my passport.
A. lose B. will lose C. lost D. would lose
3. We can eat at home or, ________ you prefer, we can go to a restaurant.
A. when B. whether C. if D. which
4. If it is raining this evening, I_________.
A. will go out B. don’t go out C. go out D. won’t go out
5. Minh’s English is excellent. He speaks________.
A. perfectly English B. English perfectly C. perfect English D. English perfect
6. I’m disappointed _________ people have spoiled this area.
A that B. when C. if D. how
7. He ________ to find a job but he had no luck.
A. hardly tried B. hard tried C. tried hardly D. tried hard
8. We couldn’t go on a picnic as planned __________ it was raining.
A. however B. but C. because D. so
9. If he ________ hard today, can he have a holiday tomorrow?
A. works B. will work C. worked D. would work
10. ________we were tired, we sat down beside the stream.
A. Because of B. If C. As D. And
11.He _________to find a job, but he had no luck.
A. tried hard B. hardly tried C. tried hardly D. try hardly
12. Solar energy doesn’t cause __________.
A. pollution B. polluted C. pollute D. pollutant
13. Are you lookingh forward ___________ my letter?
A. to see B. to seeing C. saw D. seeing
14. "___________” means a piece of land full of rubbish.
A. junkyard B. treasure C. hedge D. stream
15. Dynamite _________ many years ago.
A. has invented B. invented C. was invented D. were invented
16. Mary said to me "can you speak English?” In reported speech the sentence will be She asked me _________
A. if I can speak English B. if I could speak English. C. If can I speak English D. If I could speak English?
17. I live very far from school. I wish________
A. I lived far from school. B. I lived close to school. C. I live near the school now. D. I don’t live very far from school
18. If he __________ hard today, can he have a holiday tomorrow?
A. works B. will work C. worked D. would worked
19. Because there _________ no buses, we had to take a taxi.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
20. We plan to ________ this Saturday.
A. go hiked B. go hiking C. go to hike D. go hike
21. I’ll have to buy a map _________ I don’t know this area.
A. if B. because C. when D. because of
22. It is recommended that he __________ this course.
A. took B. take C. take D. taking
23. He’s running so fast. I __________ catch up with him.
A. cannot hardly B. can hardly C. not hardly
24. It is important that he _________ take the final examination.
A. has to B. have to C. had to D. having to
25. I will be __________if she manages to sell that motorbike at a high price.
A. surprised B. surprise C. surprising . D. to surprise
26. Unless you understand. I __________. explain it again to you
A. am B. was C. will. D. would
27. If you know where she lives, please let me__________
A. know B. knew C. known D. to know'
28. If he ______ a student, he will get a discount.
A. were B. was C. were D. will be
29. ______ you are interested in this film, don't go to see it at any cost. A. Unless B. If C. Because D. So
30. If you like that book. l will give it______you as my present.
A. to B. from C. at D. for
31. If you are busy, we ________ this by ourselves.
A. will do B. did C. would do D. doing
32. How about ______ dinner with us on Sunday?
A. to have B. have C. have had D. having
33. My brother is very fond of ______ to pop and rock music.
A. listen B. to listen C. listening D. listens
34. Life today is very different ______ life 50 years ago.
A. to B. from C. with D. at
35. My uncle is a ______. He often does research in his laboratory.
A. science B. scientist C. scientific D. scientists
36. My father arrives in Singapore ______Monday evening.
A. in B. at C. from D. on
37. John goes to his office every day except Sunday. ______ Sundays he stays at home.
A. On B. At C. In D. From
38. I hope the weather will be nice ______ the weekend.
A. in B. to C. at D. between
39. Would you like ______ to a party on Saturday?
A. come B. coming C. to come D. will come
40. Helen is always in the kitchen. She enjoys ______.
A. cook B. to cook C. cooks D. cooking
41. People wanted to see the opening of the ceremony, _____they started leaving very early in the morning
A. because B. so C. but D. and
42. Vietnamese women prefer to wear modern clothing ______ work. A. at B. in C. to D. with
43. He ______ with friends in an apartment in HCMC since last week. A. living B. has lived C. lived D. live
44. My mother said she ______ busy then
A. was B. is C. is being D. being
45. My village lies near the ______ of the mountain and by the river.
A. leg B. foot C. feet D. legs
46. If you don’t study hard , you ______ the exam.
A. failed B. will fail C. fail D. have failed
47. It is Saturday , ______?
A. is it B. it isn’t C. isn’t it D. wasn’t it
48. She said that she ______ learning English with you.
A. like B. liked C. liking D. to like
49. They ______ their home village last Sunday.
A. visit B. visited C. was visiting D. were visiting
50. He was born ______ March 25 , 1992.
A. at B. on C. in D. for
II. Match a line in column A with a line in column B to make a meaningful
A B
1. If people use public transport,
a. I can’t sleep.
2. You’ll learn English more easily
b. will you give her flowers?
3. If they don’t give him the job,
c. if he does exercise regularly.
4. If I drink coffee at night,
d. I don’t know what he will do.
5. You will speak English well
e. there will be less pollution
6. If you see her
f. if someone enters the building.
7. The alarm goes off
g. if you have more practice.
8. Henry may lose weight
h. if you study a little every day.
1. __e__; 2. __h_; 3. __d__; 4. __a__; 5. _g___; 6. _b___; 7. _f___; 8. _c___.
III. Complete the sentences with because/ as/ since/ if/ when, or so.
1. We decided to go out to eat ___because____ we had no food at home.
2. He has a very important job __so_____ he is particularly well-paid.
3. Can I borrow that book ___when ____ you’ve finished it?
4. No one was watching the television ___when____ I switched it off. 5. ___Because____ she changed a lot, we didn’t recognize her.
6. ___If____ you’ve ready, we can start now.
7. I’m going away for a few days, I’ll phone you ___when____ I get back.
8. You should inform the police ___if____ your bicycle is stolen.
9. Mathew went to bed _because___ it was too late to go out.
10. ___If____ you drive without driving license, you’re breaking the law.
11. ___Because____the weather was bad, they delayed their trip.
12.He will buy a new car ____if___ he saves up.
13.I can’t drive fast ___as____ the street is very crowded.
Fill in the blanks with proper words, then answer the following questions.
scientists/ pollution/ serious/ factories exhaust/ reduce/ require/ percentage
Everyone wants to reduce (1) __pollution_____. But the pollution problem is as complicated as it is (2) __serious_____. It is complicated because much pollution is caused by things that benefit people. For example, (3) ___exhaust____ from automobile caused large (4) ___percentage____ of air pollution. But the automobile provides transportation to millions of people. (5) __Factories_____ discharge much of the material that pollutes air and water, but factories give employment to a large number of people. Thus, to end or greatly (6) ___reduce____ pollutions immediately, people would have to stop using many things that benefit them. Most people do not want to do that, of course. But pollution can be gradually reduces in several ways, (7) __Scientists_____ and engineers can work to find ways t lessen the amount of pollution that such things as automobiles and factories cause. Government can pass and enforce laws that (8) __require_____ businesses and individuals to stop, or cut down on certain polluting activities.
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