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\(B=a\left(b^3-c^3\right)+b\left(c^3-a^3\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)=ab^3-ac^3+bc^3-ba^3+ca^3-cb^3=ab\left(b^2-a^2\right)-c^3\left(a-b\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)=-ab\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-c^3\left(a-b\right)+c\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(-a^2b+ab^2-c^3+a^2c+abc+b^2c\right)\)
\(C=ab\left(a+b\right)-bc\left(b+c\right)+ac\left(a-c\right)=ab\left(a+b\right)-bc\left(a+b-a+c\right)+ac\left(a-c\right)=ab\left(a+b\right)-bc\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(a-c\right)+ac\left(a-c\right)=b\left(a+b\right)\left(a-c\right)+c\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(D=ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ac\left(c+a\right)+3abc=ab\left(a+b\right)+abc+bc\left(b+c\right)+abc+ac\left(c+a\right)+abc=ab\left(a+b+c\right)+bc\left(a+b+c\right)++++ac\left(a+b+c\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
D=ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ac(c+a)+3abc
= ab(a+b)+abc+bc(b+c)+abc+ac(c+a)+abc
= ab(a+b+c)+bc(b+c+a)+ac(c+a+b)
=( ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b-c=x\\b+c-a=y\\c+a-b=z\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=a+b+c\)
Do đó \(A=\left(x+y+z\right)^3-x^3-y^3-z^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=x^3+y^3+z^3+3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)-x^3-y^3-z^3\\ \Leftrightarrow A=3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=3\left(a+b-c+b+c-a\right)\left(b+c-a+c+a-b\right)\left(c+a-b+a+b-c\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow A=3\cdot2b\cdot2c\cdot2a=24abc\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
b) \(a^3\left(b-c\right)+b^3\left(c-a\right)+c^3\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=a^3\left(b-c\right)-b^3\left[\left(b-c\right)+\left(a-b\right)\right]+c^3\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=a^3\left(b-c\right)-b^3\left(b-c\right)-b^3\left(a-b\right)+c^3\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(a^3-b^3\right)- \left(a-b\right)\left(b^3-c^3\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2-b^2-bc-c^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a^2-c^2+ab-bc\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left[\left(a-c\right)\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a-c\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(A=\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^3+\left(c-a\right)^3\)
\(=a^3-3a^2b+3ab^2-b^3+b^3-3b^2c+3bc^2-c^2+c^3-3c^2a+3ca^2-a^3\)
\(=\left(a^3-a^3\right)+\left(-b^3+b^3\right)+\left(-c^3+c^3\right)-3\left(a^2b+ac^2-ab^2-bc^2+b^2c-a^2c\right)\)
\(=3[\left(a^2b-ab^2\right)+\left(ac^2-b^2c\right)-\left(a^2c-b^2c\right)]\)
\(=3[ab\left(a-b\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a^2-b^2\right)]\)
\(=3[ab\left(a-b\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)]\)
\(=3\left(a-b\right)[\left(a+b+c^2-c\left(a+b\right)\right)]\)
\(=3\left(a-b\right)\left(ab+c^2-ca-cb\right)\)
\(=3\left(a-b\right)[\left(ab-ac\right)+\left(c^2-cb\right)]\)
\(=3\left(a-b\right)[a\left(b-c\right)+c\left(c-b\right)]\)
\(=3\left(a-b\right)[a\left(b-c\right)-c\left(b-c\right)]\)
\(=3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)\)
b) \(B=\left(a+b-2c\right)^3+\left(b+c-2a\right)^3+\left(c+a-2b\right)^3\)
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Đặt:
a+b-c=x (1)
b+c-a=y (2)
c+a-b=z (3)
Cộng vế với vế ta được a+b+c= x+y+z (4) 0,5đ
Ta thay (1), (2), (3), (4) vào đầu bài ta được:
A=(x+y+z)3-x3-y3-z3
= [(x+y+z)3-x3] –(y3+z3) 0,5đ
= (x+y+z-x)[( x+y+z)2 + (x+y+z)x+x2]- (y+z)( y2-yz+z2)
= (y+z)[( x+y+z)2 + (x+y+z)x+x2]- (y+z)( y2-yz+z2)
= (y+z)( x2+y2+z2 +2xy+2xz +2yz +x2+xy+xz+x2-y2+yz-z2) 0,5đ
= (y+z)( 3x2+3xy+3xz +3yz)
= (y+z)( 3x2+3xy+3xz +3yz)
= 3(y+z)[(x2+xy)+(xz +yz)]
= 3(y+z)[x(x+y)+z(x +y)]
= 3 (x+y)(y+z)(x +z) (5) 0,5đ
Thay Ta thay (1), (2), (3) vào (5) ta được:
A=3(a+b-c+ b+c-a)( b+c-a+ c+a-b)(a+b-c+ c+a-b)
= 3(b+ b)( c+ c)(a+a)
= 24abc