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a) \(\left(2x+1\right)^2-4\left(x+2\right)^2=12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x+1-4\left(x^2+4x+4\right)=12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x+1-4x^2-16x-16-12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-12x-27=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-9}{4}\)
b) xem lại đề
c) \(\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x+9\right)+x\left(x-3\right)\left(3-x\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-27-x\left(x-3\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-27-x\left(x^2-6x+9\right)-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-28-x^3+6x^2-9x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x^2-9x-28=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\left(x^2-\frac{3}{2}x-\frac{14}{3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\frac{3}{4}+\frac{9}{16}-\frac{251}{48}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\frac{3}{4}\right)^2=\frac{251}{48}=\left(\pm\sqrt{\frac{251}{48}}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-\frac{3}{4}=\sqrt{\frac{251}{48}}=\frac{\sqrt{753}}{12}\\x-\frac{3}{4}=-\sqrt{\frac{251}{48}}=\frac{-\sqrt{753}}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{\pm\sqrt{753}}{12}+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{9\pm\sqrt{753}}{12}\)
d) \(\left(x+1\right)^3-\left(x-1\right)^3-6\left(x-1\right)^2=-19\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+3x^2+3x+1-x^3+3x^2-3x+1-6x^2+12x-6+19=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12x+15=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-5}{4}\)
Theo giả thiết:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3ab+3bc+3ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Dễ thấy \(VT\ge0\forall a;b;c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)(đpcm)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
$(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)\geq 9abc$
$\Rightarrow abc\leq \frac{1}{9}(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)$. Do đó:
$(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)-abc$
$\geq (ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)-\frac{(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)}{9}=\frac{8}{9}(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)$
$\Rightarrow (a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)\leq \frac{9}{8}(*)$
Mà cũng theo BĐT Cô-si:
$1=(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\leq \left(\frac{a+b+b+c+c+a}{3}\right)^3$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c\geq \frac{3}{2}(**)$
Từ $(*); (**)\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac\leq \frac{9}{8}.\frac{1}{a+b+c}\leq \frac{9}{8}.\frac{2}{3}=\frac{3}{4}$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}$
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