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a) Giả sử `(x+1)^2 >= 4x` là đúng.
Có: `(x+1)^2 >=4x <=> x^2+2x+1>=4x`
`<=>x^2+1>=2x`
`<=>x^2-2x+1>=0`
`<=> (x-1)^2>=0 forall x`.
Vậy điều giả sử là đúng.
b) `x^2+y^2+2 >=2(x+y)`
`<=> (x^2-2x+1)+(y^2-2y+1) >=0`
`<=>(x-1)^2+(y-1)^2>=0 forall x,y`
c) `(1/x+1/y)(x+y)>=4`
`<=> (x+y)/(xy) (x+y) >=4`
`<=> (x+y)^2 >= 4xy`
`<=> x^2+2xy+y^2>=4xy`
`<=> (x-y)^2>=0 forall x,y > 0`
d) `x/y+y/x>=2`
`<=> (x^2+y^2)/(xy) >=2`
`<=> x^2+y^2 >=2xy`
`<=> (x-y)^2>=0 \forall x,y>0`.
a) Xét hiệu \(\left(x+1\right)^2-4x\) = \(x^2-2x+1=\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\)
=> \(\left(x+1\right)^2-\text{4x}\) \(\ge\) 0
=> \(\left(x+1\right)^2\ge\text{4x}\) (điều phải chứng minh)
b) xét hiệu \(x^2+y^2+2-2\left(x+y\right)\) = \(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\)
=> \(x^2+y^2+2-2\left(x+y\right)\ge0\)
=> \(x^2+y^2+2\ge2\left(x+y\right)\) (điều phải chứng minh)
c) Xét hiệu \(\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+y\right)-4\) = \((\dfrac{x+y}{xy})\left(x+y\right)-4=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-4xy}{xy}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy}\) \(\ge0\)(vì x>0,y>0)
=>\(\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+y\right)\ge4\) (điều phải chứng minh)
d) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cau-Chy cho các số x>0;y>0 ta có
\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\ge2.\left(\dfrac{xy}{yx}\right)=2\)
=> \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\ge2\) (điều phải chứng minh)
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\(\left(x+1\right)^3-\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+3x^2+3x+1-x^3+1-2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3x^2+3x=0\Rightarrow3x\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a,\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-x^2+1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-2x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ b,\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1-x-4\right)\left(2x-1+x+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(3x+3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
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\(\dfrac{2}{x}=\dfrac{x}{x+1}\left(ĐKXĐ:x\ne0;x\ne-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(x+1\right)}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{x\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2=2x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x-1+\sqrt{3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1-\sqrt{3}=0\\x-1+\sqrt{3}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1+\sqrt{3}\left(nhận\right)\\x=1-\sqrt{3}\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
-Vậy \(S=\left\{1+\sqrt{3};1-\sqrt{3}\right\}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a,3x-2\left(x-3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow3x-2x+6=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-6\\ b,\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)=\left(2x-1\right)\left(x+5\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x-3x-3=2x^2-x+10x-5\\ \Leftrightarrow2x^2-x-3=2x^2+9x-5\\ \Leftrightarrow10x-2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{5}\\ c,ĐKXĐ:x\ne\pm1\\ \dfrac{2x}{x-1}-\dfrac{x}{x+1}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}-\dfrac{x\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}-\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x^2+2x-x^2+x-x^2+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3x+1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(tm\right)\)
\(d,\left(2x+3\right)\left(3x-5\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+3=0\\3x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\x=\dfrac{5}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\\ e,ĐKXĐ:x\ne\pm2\\ \dfrac{x-2}{x+2}-\dfrac{3}{x-2}=\dfrac{2\left(x-11\right)}{x^2-4}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}-\dfrac{3\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}-\dfrac{2x-22}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2-4x+4-3x-6-2x+22}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}=0\\ \Rightarrow x^2-9x+20=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5x\right)-\left(4x-20\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(x-5\right)-4\left(x-5\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(x-5\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\left(tm\right)\\x=5\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a,9x^2-1=0\)
\(\left(3x\right)^1-1=0\)
\(\left(3x-1\right)\cdot\left(3x+1\right)=0\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}3x-1=\\3x+1=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{3}\\x=-\frac{1}{3}\end{cases}}}\)
\(b,x\cdot\left(x+5\right)-x-5=0\)
\(x\cdot\left(x+5\right)-\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\left(x+5\right)\cdot\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x+5=0\\x-1=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-5\\x=1\end{cases}}}\)
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\(\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)=0\)
Vì x2 > 0 => x2+1 >0
=> \(x-\frac{1}{2}=0\)
=> \(x=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-2x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)-2\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-2=0\\x-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=2\\x=1\end{cases}}}\)
*) \(x^2-2=3x-4\)
*) x2-2=3x-4
<=> x2-2-3x+4=0
<=> x2-3x+2=0
<=> x2-x-2x+2=0
<=> x(x-1)-2(x-1)=0
<=> (x-1)(x-2)=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\x-2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\x=2\end{cases}}}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a,\(\left(x-4-5\right)\left(x-4+5\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-9\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=9;x=-1\)
b, \(\left(x-3-x-1\right)\left(x-3+x+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow2x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
c, \(\left(x^2-4\right)\left(2x-3\right)-\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4\right)\left(2x-3-x+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2;x=2\)
d, \(\left(3x-7\right)^2-\left(2x+2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-7-2x-2\right)\left(3x-7+2x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-9\right)\left(5x-5\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=1;x=9\)
\(\left(1-x\right)^2-1+x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x\right)^2-\left(1-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x\right)\left(1-x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x\right)\left(-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}1-x=0\\-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
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