a(b^2-c^2)+b(c^2-a^2)+c(a^2-b^2)
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a) ( a2 + b2+ c2)2 - ( a2 - b2 - c2)2
= ( a2 + b2+ c2 + a2 - b2 - c2)( a2 + b2+ c2 - a2 + b2 + c2)
= 4a2( b2 + c2)
b) ( a + b + c)2 - ( a - b - c)2 - 4ac
= ( a + b + c - a + b + c)( a + b + c + a - b - c) - 4ac
= 4a( b + c) - 4ac
= 4a( b + c - c)
= 4ab
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bổ đề : Chứng minh (a + b)2 + (a - b)2 = 2(a2 + b2)
\(\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2=a^2+2ab+b^2+a^2-2ab+b^2=2a^2+2b^2=2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán,ta có :
a) (a + b + c)2 + (b + c - a)2 + (c + a - b)2 + (a + b - c)2
= 2[(b + c)2 + a2] + 2[a2 + (b - c)2] = 2[2a2 + (b + c)2 + (b - c)2] = 2[2a2 + 2(b2 + c2)] = 4(a2 + b2 + c2)
b) (a + b + c + d)2 + (a + b - c - d)2 + (a + c - b - d)2 + (a + d - b - c)2
= 2[(a + b)2 + (c + d)2] + 2[(a - b)2 + (c - d)2] = 2[(a + b)2 + (a - b)2 + (c + d)2 + (c - d)2]
= 2[2(a2 + b2) + 2(c2 + d2)] = 4(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2)
câu a) cái khúc =2[(b+c)^2 +a^2] +2[a^2 +(b-c)^2] là răng
ghi rõ ra dùm
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\(\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2-c^2\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c^2-a^2\right)\\ =\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left[-\left(a^2-b^2\right)-\left(c^2-a^2\right)\right]+\left(c+a\right)\left(c^2-a^2\right)\\ =\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)-\left(b+c\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)-\left(b+c\right)\left(c^2-a^2\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c^2-a^2\right)\\ =\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a-c\right)-\left(c^2-a^2\right)\left(a-b\right)\\ =\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a-c\right)-\left(a+c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)\\ =\left(a+b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b-a-c\right)\\ =\left(a+b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\)
\(a\left(b^2+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2abc\\ =ab^2+ac^2+bc^2+a^2b+c\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)\\ =ab\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)^2\\ =\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+c^2+ac+cb\right)\\ =\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài làm:
a) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a-b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b-c\right)^2+\left(b+c-a\right)^2\)
\(=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca+ab-bc-ca+ca-bc-ab+bc-ab-ca\right)\)
\(=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+2.0\)
\(=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(=\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+2ca+a^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2\)
a(b - c)(b + c) - bc(b - c) - a2 (b - c) = (b - c)(ab + ac - bc - a2)
\(a\left(b^2-c^2\right)+b\left(c^2-a^2\right)+c\left(a^2-b^2\right)\)
\(=a\left(b^2-c^2\right)+bc^2-ba^2+ca^2-cb^2\)
\(=a\left(b^2-c^2\right)+bc^2-cb^2-ba^2+ca^2\)
\(=a\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)+bc\left(c-b\right)-a^2\left(b-c\right)\)
\(=a\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)-bc\left(b-c\right)-a^2\left(b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left[a\left(b+c\right)-bc-a^2\right]=\left(b-c\right)\left(ab+ac-bc-a^2\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(ab-bc-a^2+ac\right)=\left(b-c\right)\left[b\left(a-c\right)-a\left(a-c\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)\left(a-c\right)\)