Chứng minh rằng a,b,c ta có a² + b² + c² ≥ ab + bc + ca?
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Ta có \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=a^2b+abc+a^2c+ab^2+b^2c+abc+abc+bc^2+ac^2=a^2b+ab^2+a^2c+ac^2+b^2c+bc^2+3abc\left(1\right)\)
Ta lại có \(abc+\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=abc+\left(ab+ac+b^2+bc\right)\left(c+a\right)=abc+abc+a^2b+ac^2+a^2c+b^2c+b^2a+bc^2+abc=a^2b+ab^2+a^2c+ac^2+b^2c+bc^2+3abc\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1),(2)\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=abc+\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
vì với mọi số a,b,c thì ta cũng có biểu thức đó luôn đúng nên thay giá trị vô đúng là dc
\(\frac{a-bc}{a+bc}=\frac{a-bc}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}=\frac{a-bc}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\frac{a-bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\left(a-bc\right)\sqrt{\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}}\le\frac{\frac{a-bc}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{a-bc}{\left(c+a\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{a-bc}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{a-bc}{2\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
Tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{b-ca}{b+ca}\le\frac{b-ca}{2\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b-ca}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}\)\(;\)\(\frac{c-ab}{c+ab}\le\frac{c-ab}{2\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{c-ab}{2\left(b+c\right)^2}\)
=> \(\frac{a-bc}{a+bc}+\frac{b-ca}{b+ca}+\frac{c-ab}{c+ab}\le\frac{a-bc+b-ca}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{b-ca+c-ab}{2\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{a-bc+c-ab}{2\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(1-c\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(1-c\right)}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(1-a\right)}{2\left(b+c\right)\left(1-a\right)}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(1-b\right)}{2\left(c+a\right)\left(1-b\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta chứng minh:\(\sqrt{a+bc}\ge a+\sqrt{bc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+bc\ge a^2+bc+2a\sqrt{bc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\ge a^2+2a\sqrt{bc}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a\ge a\left(a+2\sqrt{bc}\right)\Leftrightarrow1\ge a+2\sqrt{bc}\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge a+2\sqrt{bc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b+c-2\sqrt{bc}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a+bc}\ge a+\sqrt{bc}\)
CMTT\(\sqrt{b+ca}\ge b+\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\sqrt{c+ab}\ge c+\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ca}+\sqrt{c+ab}\ge a+b+c+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}=1+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\)Vậy ......
(Dấu = xảy ra (=) a=b=c=1/3
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\)
hay a=b=c
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\\ =>2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(=>2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(=>a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ac+a^2\ge0\)
\(=>\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-a\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi : \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Rightarrow}a=b=c}\)
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T I C K ủng hộ nha
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