CTR:\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}vớia,b,c,dlàcácsốtựnhiênliêntiếp\)
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hơn 1 năm rồi không ai làm :'(
a) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có :
\(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)(1)
\(b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\)(2)
\(c+a\ge2\sqrt{ca}\)(3)
Nhân (1), (2), (3) theo vế
=> \(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8\sqrt{a^2b^2c^2}=8\sqrt{\left(abc\right)^2}=8\left|abc\right|=8abc\)
=> đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 1:
a)Áp dụng Bđt Bunhiacopski ta có:
\(3a^2+4b^2\ge\frac{\left(3a+4b\right)^2}{7}=7\)
b)Áp dụng Bđt Bunhiacopski ta có:
\(\left(3a^2+5b^2\right)\left[\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2+\left(-\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}}\right)^2\right]\ge\left(2a-3b\right)^2=49\)
\(\Rightarrow3a^2+5b^2\ge\frac{735}{47}\)
c)Áp dụng Bđt Bunhiacopski ta có:
\(\left(7a^2+11b^2\right)\left[\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{7}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{5}{\sqrt{11}}\right)^2\right]\ge\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{7}}\cdot\sqrt{7}a-\frac{5}{\sqrt{11}}\cdot\sqrt{11}b\right)^2=64\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{274}{77}\left(7a^2+11b^2\right)\ge64\)
\(\Rightarrow7a^2+11b^2\ge\frac{2464}{137}\)
d)Áp dụng Bđt Bunhiacopski ta có:
\(\left(1^2+2^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+2b\right)^2=4\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{4}{5}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\) => \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=bk\\c=dk\end{cases}}\)
a) Khi đó, ta có:
+) \(\frac{bk}{b}=k\)
+) \(\frac{bk+dk}{b+d}=\frac{k\left(b+d\right)}{b+d}=k\)
=> \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+c}{b+d}\)
b) Ta có:
+) \(\frac{bk-b}{b}=\frac{b\left(k-1\right)}{b}=k-1\)
+) \(\frac{dk-d}{d}=\frac{d\left(k-1\right)}{d}=k-1\)
=> \(\frac{a-b}{b}=\frac{c-d}{d}\)
c) Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=bk\\c=dk\end{cases}}\)
Do đó \(\frac{ac}{bd}=\frac{bk.dk}{bd}=k^2\)(1)
\(\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{\left(bk\right)^2+\left(dk\right)^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{k^2\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\frac{ac}{bd}=\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\left(=k^2\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Đặt: \(b+c=x;c+a=y;a+b=z\)
Có: \(x+y-z=b+c+c+a-a-b=2c\)
=> \(c=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\)
Tương tự ta cũng có:
\(a=\frac{y+z-x}{2};b=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\)
Có: \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
=\(\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}-1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}-1+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\right)-3\right]\) (1)
Áp dụng bđt cô si ta có:
\(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}\ge2;\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\ge2;\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\ge2\)
=> \(\left(1\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(2+2+2-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
b) Có: \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}=\frac{\left(2a\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}{4\left(b+c\right)}\) (1)
VÌ: \(\left[2a-\left(b+c\right)\right]^2\ge0\)
=> \(\left(2a\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4a\left(b+c\right)\)
=> \(\left(1\right)\ge\frac{4a\left(b+c\right)}{4\left(b+c\right)}=a\)
Hay: \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge a\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}\ge a-\frac{b+c}{4}\) (2)
Tương tự ta cũng có: \(\frac{b^2}{c+a}\ge b-\frac{c+a}{4}\) (3)
\(\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge c-\frac{a+b}{4}\) (4)
Cộng vế với vế (2);(3);(4) ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge a+b+c-\left(\frac{b+c+c+a+a+b}{4}\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Dễ nhất là bạn hãy đặt k đi, thay vào là nó sẽ ra thôi.
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\frac{\left(bk+b\right)^2}{\left(dk+d\right)^2}=\frac{b^2k+2b^2k+b^2}{d^2k+2d^2k+d^2}=\frac{3b^2k}{3d^2k}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)
Tương tự vs mấy cái còn lại là ra ngay thôi
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\) => a=bk,c=dk
Ta có: \(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2}=\frac{\left(bk+b\right)^2}{\left(bk\right)^2+b^2}=\frac{\left[b\left(k+1\right)\right]^2}{b^2k^2+b^2}=\frac{b^2\left(k+1\right)^2}{b^2\left(k^2+1\right)}=\frac{\left(k+1\right)^2}{k^2+1}\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{\left(c+d\right)^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{\left(dk+d\right)^2}{\left(dk\right)^2+d^2}=\frac{\left[d\left(k+1\right)\right]^2}{d^2k^2+d^2}=\frac{d^2\left(k+1\right)^2}{d^2\left(k^2+1\right)}=\frac{\left(k+1\right)^2}{k^2+1}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{2018c}{2018d}=\frac{a+2018c}{b+2018d}=\frac{a-2018c}{b-2018d}\)
(Áp dụng tc dãy tỷ số bằng nhau)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{60}\)
=> \(A=\left(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
Đặt A < (1/40+.....+1/40)+(1/60+1/60+...+1/60)
=>A<1/2+1/3=5/6<3/2
lớn hơn 11/15 cũng tương tự thôi bạn tự làm sẽ thú vị hơn đấy
k minh nha