Cho a + b + c \(\ne0\) thỏa mãn điều kiện: abc = 16 và a3 + b3 + c3 = 48. Tính giá trị của biểu thức P = \(\frac{a+b}{ab}.\frac{b+c}{bc}.\frac{c+a}{ca}\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a+b+c=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=1\)'
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0\\b+c=0\\c+a=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a+b=0\), các trường hợp còn lại làm tương tự.
Khi đó từ \(a+b+c=1\) suy ra \(c=1\) (thỏa mãn). Thế thì \(T=0^{2023}+0^{2023}+1^{2023}=1\).
Như vậy \(T=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab=ac+cb+c^2+ab=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
Tương tự : \(a+bc=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right);c+ab=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)
\(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\)
áp dụng bất đẳng tức cauchy :
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)
cộng vế theo vế
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{c+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot3=\frac{3}{2}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1/3
Có a+b+c=1 => c=(a+b+c).c=ac+bc+c2
\(\Rightarrow c+ab=ac+bc+c^2+ab=a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{a}{c+b}+\frac{b}{c+b}}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+bc=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\\b+ac=\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b+ca}}=\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}}{2}\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}}{2}\)\(=\frac{\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{c+b}{c+b}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:\(\frac{ab}{a+b}=\frac{bc}{b+c}=\frac{ca}{c+a}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{b+c}{bc}=\frac{c+a}{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}=\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Ta có:\(\frac{ab^2+bc^2+ca^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{a\cdot a^2+a\cdot a^2+a\cdot a^2}{a^3+a^3+a^3}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{3a^3}{3a^3}=1\)
\(\frac{ab}{a+b}=\frac{bc}{b+c}=\frac{ca}{c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{b+c}{bc}=\frac{c+a}{ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{ab}+\frac{b}{ab}=\frac{b}{bc}+\frac{c}{bc}=\frac{c}{ca}+\frac{a}{ac}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}=\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}=\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{c}\)
<=> a = b = c
Vậy \(\frac{ab^2+bc^2+ca^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{a^3+a^3+a^3}{a^3+a^3+a^3}=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(a+b+c=1\Leftrightarrow a^2+ab+ca=a\)
Thay vào ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2+ab+ca+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng Cauchy ngược: \(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2+ab+ca+bc}}\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}}{2}\)
Tương tự ta CM được: \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}\le\frac{\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b+ca}}\le\frac{\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}}{2}\)
Cộng vế 3 BĐT trên ta được:
\(P\le\frac{\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b+a}+\frac{b}{a+b}\right)}{2}\)
\(=\frac{1+1+1}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy \(Max_P=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có :
\(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab=ac+ac+c^2+ab=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
Tương tự : \(a+bc=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right);c+ab=\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy :
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế :
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+c}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}\right)=\frac{1}{2}.3=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
vì abc=105 nên thay 105 bằng abc ta được:
\(s=\frac{abc}{a\left(bc+b+1\right)}\)+\(\frac{b}{bc+b+1}\)+\(\frac{a}{ab+a+abc}\)
\(s=\frac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)+\(\frac{b}{bc+b+1}\)+\(\frac{1}{b+1+bc}\)=\(\frac{bc+b+1}{bc+b+1}\)=1
Cho mình 1 l i k e nha..............
Chú ý rằng, với đa thức \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\) thì ta có thể phân tích đa thức trên thành một nhân tử bằng cách dùng hằng đẳng thức, khi đó:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-ab+c^2-3ab\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)\)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\)
Nhận xét: Nếu \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(^{a+b+c=0}_{\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(^{a+b+c=0}_{a=b=c}\)
\(------------------\)
Vì \(abc=16\) (theo giả thiết) nên \(a,\) \(b,\) \(c\ne0\) và \(3abc=48\) \(\left(1\right)\)
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=48\) \(\left(2\right)\)
Do đó, từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) suy ra \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) \(\left(=48\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]=0\) \(\left(\text{*}\right)\) (theo nhận xét trên)
Mà \(a+b+c\ne0\) nên từ \(\left(\text{*}\right)\) suy ra \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\), tức \(a=b=c\) \(\left(\text{**}\right)\)
Mặt khác, ta cũng có \(abc=16\) và do \(\left(\text{**}\right)\) nên \(a^3=16\)
Khi đó, biểu thức \(P\) sẽ trở thành:
\(P=\frac{\left(a+b\right)}{ab}.\frac{\left(b+c\right)}{bc}.\frac{\left(c+a\right)}{ca}=\frac{2a}{a^2}.\frac{2a}{a^2}.\frac{2a}{a^2}=\frac{8a^3}{a^6}=\frac{8}{a^3}=\frac{8}{16}=\frac{1}{2}\) (do \(a\ne0\))