Cho tỉ lệ thức: \(\frac{2019a+2020c}{2019a-2021c}=\frac{2019b+2020d}{2019b-2021d}\). Chứng minh rằng: \(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^{2020}=\frac{a^{2020}+b^{2020}}{c^{2020}+d^{2020}}\) (Giả thiết các tỉ số đều có nghĩa)
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Ko thể dùng 1 trường hợp cụ thể để chứng minh dạng tổng quát.
Cách chứng minh bài này rất đơn giản:
\(a< b\Rightarrow2019a< 2019b\)
\(\Rightarrow-2019a>-2019b\)
\(\Rightarrow-2019a+2020>-2019b+2020>-2019b+2018\)
Vậy \(2020-2019a>2018-2019b\)
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\(a< b\Rightarrow2019a< 2019b\Rightarrow-2019a>-2019b\)
Lại có 2020 > 2018 nên \(2020-2019a>2018-2019b\).
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\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=d\\d=a\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\\ \Rightarrow VT=\left(\dfrac{2019a+2020a-2021a}{2019a+2020a-2021a}\right)^3=1^3=1=\dfrac{a^2}{a\cdot a}=VP\)
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\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\Rightarrow\frac{2019a^2}{2019c^2}=\frac{2020b^2}{2020d^2}=\)
\(=\frac{2019a^2+2020b^2}{2019c^2+2020d^2}=\frac{2019a^2-2020b^2}{2019c^2-2020d^2}\Rightarrow\frac{2019a^2+2020b^2}{2019a^2-2020b^2}=\frac{2019c^2+2020d^2}{2019c^2-2020d^2}\)
Bạn ơi tham khảo thử cách này nhé !
Từ \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)( bài cho )
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=bk\\c=dk\end{cases}}\)
Khi đó :
+) \(\frac{2019a^2+2020b^2}{2019a^2-2020b^2}=\frac{2019\left(bk\right)^2+2020b^2}{2019\left(bk\right)^2-2020b^2}=\frac{b^2\left(2019k^2+2020\right)}{b^2\left(2019k^2-2020\right)}=\frac{2019k^2+2020}{2019k^2-2020}\)
+) \(\frac{2019c^2+2020d^2}{2019c^2-2020d^2}=\frac{2019\left(dk\right)^2+2020d^2}{2019\left(dk\right)^2-2020d^2}=\frac{d^2\left(2019k^2+2020\right)}{d^2\left(2019k^2-2020\right)}=\frac{2019k^2+2020}{2019k^2-2020}\)
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\(ad=bc\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{a+b}{c+d}.\)
=> \(\frac{a^{2020}}{c^{2020}}=\frac{b^{2020}}{d^{2020}}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^{2020}}{\left(b+d\right)^{2020}}\)
Xong lại áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số = nhau \(\frac{a^{2020}}{c^{2020}}=\frac{b^{2020}}{d^{2020}}=\frac{a^{2020}-b^{2020}}{c^{2020}-d^{2020}}.\)
Kết hợp lại là ra nhé
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Sửa đề: \(\dfrac{2018a-2019b}{2019a+2020b}=\dfrac{2018c-2019d}{2019c+2020d}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{2020a}{2020b}=\dfrac{2020c}{2020d}=\dfrac{2019a}{2019c}=\dfrac{2019b}{2019d}=\dfrac{2018a}{2018c}=\dfrac{2018b}{2018d}=\dfrac{2018a-2019b}{2018c-2019d}=\dfrac{2019a+2020b}{2019c+2020d}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2018a-2019b}{2019a+2020b}=\dfrac{2018c-2019d}{2019c+2020d}\)
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Từ a/b=c/d =>a/c=b/d
Đặt a /c =b /d =k =>a =ck, b= dk
=>a2020/b2020 =(ck)2020/(dk)2020 = c2020 . k2020/ d2020 .k2020 = c2020/d2020
(a-c)2020/ (b-d)2020 = (ck-c)2020/ (dk-d)2020 =[ c.(k-1)]2020/ [ d.(k-1)]2020 =c2020.(k-1)2020 / d2020. (k-1)2020 = c2020/ d2020
=> a2020/ b2020 = (a-c)2020 / (b-d)2020 (vì đều bằng c2020/d2020)
Từ \(\frac{2019a+2020c}{2019a-2021c}=\frac{2019b+2020d}{2019b-2021d}\)
<=> \(\frac{2019a-2021c+4041c}{2019a-2021c}=\frac{2019b-2021d+4041d}{2019b-2021d}\)
<=> \(1+\frac{4041c}{2019a-2021c}=1+\frac{4041d}{2019b-2021d}\)
<=> \(\frac{4041c}{2019a-2021c}=\frac{4041d}{2019b-2021d}\)
<=> 4041c( 2019b - 2021d ) = 4041d( 2019a - 2021c )
<=> c( 2019b - 2021d ) = d( 2019a - 2021c )
<=> 2019bc - 2021dc = 2019ad - 2021cd
<=> 2019bc - 2021dc - 2019ad + 2021cd = 0
<=> 2019( bc - ad ) = 0
<=> bc - ad = 0
<=> bc = ad
<=> a/b = c/d
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=kb\\c=kd\end{cases}}\)
Ta có : \(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^{2020}=\left(\frac{kb+b}{kd+d}\right)^{2020}=\left[\frac{b\left(k+1\right)}{d\left(k+1\right)}\right]^{2020}=\left(\frac{b}{d}\right)^{2020}=\frac{b^{2020}}{d^{2020}}\)(1)
\(\)\(\frac{a^{2020}+b^{2020}}{c^{2020}+d^{2020}}=\frac{\left(kb\right)^{2020}+b^{2020}}{\left(kd\right)^{2020}+d^{2020}}=\frac{k^{2020}b^{2020}+b^{2020}}{k^{2020}d^{2020}+d^{2020}}=\frac{b^{2020}\left(k^{2020}+1\right)}{d^{2020}\left(k^{2020}+1\right)}=\frac{b^{2020}}{d^{2020}}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có đpcm