Cho 3 số thực dương a,b,c thoả mãn 5(a2+b2+c2)=9(ab+2bc+ca) tìm min P=2020(b^2+c^2)/a^2 + a/b+c
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Ta chứng minh BĐT sau cho các số dương:
\(x^5+y^5\ge xy\left(x^3+y^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5-x^4y+y^5-xy^4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-y^4\right)\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge0\) (đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{a^5+b^5}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{ab\left(a^3+b^3\right)}{ab\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{a+b}=a^2-ab+b^2\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2-\left(ab+ca+ca\right)\)
\(VT\ge4-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\)
\(VT\ge4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\) (đpcm)
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\(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3+c^2}+\dfrac{b^3+c^2}{4}+\dfrac{a^4}{2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^9.\left(b^3+c^2\right)}{8\left(b^3+c^2\right)}}=\dfrac{3a^3}{2}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(\Rightarrow M-\dfrac{a^4+b^4+c^4}{2}+\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge\dfrac{a^4+b^4+c^4}{2}+\dfrac{5}{4}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Mặt khác ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{6}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\left(a^3+a^3+1\right)+\left(b^3+b^3+1\right)+\left(c^3+c^3+1\right)\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3\ge9\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{15}{4}-\dfrac{3}{4}=...\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2+ab}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=673\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=673\)
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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và AM-GM:
$M=\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2})$
$\geq \frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2.\frac{4}{b^2+c^2}$
$=(\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2})+\frac{3a^2}{b^2+c^2}$
$\geq \sqrt{\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}.\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}}+\frac{3(b^2+c^2)}{b^2+c^2}$
$=2+3=5$
Vậy $M_{\min}=5$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(P=a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)