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Lời giải:
a) Xét hiệu \(\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}=\frac{(a+n).b-a(b+n)}{b(b+n)}=\frac{n(b-a)}{b(b+n)}\)
Nếu $b>a$ thì $\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}>0\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}>\frac{a}{b}$
Nếu $b<a$ thì $\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}<0\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}<\frac{a}{b}$
Nếu $b=a$ thì $\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}=0\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}=\frac{a}{b}$
b) Rõ ràng $10^{11}-1< 10^{12}-1$.
Đặt $10^{11}-1=a; 10^{12}-1=b; 11=n$ thì: $a< b$; $A=\frac{a}{b}$ và $B=\frac{10^{11}+10}{10^{12}+10}=\frac{a+n}{b+n}$
Áp dụng kết quả phần a:
$b>a\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}>\frac{a}{b}$ hay $B>A$
1: B là số nguyên
=>n-3 thuộc {1;-1;5;-5}
=>n thuộc {4;2;8;-2}
3:
a: -72/90=-4/5
b: 25*11/22*35
\(=\dfrac{25}{35}\cdot\dfrac{11}{22}=\dfrac{5}{7}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{5}{14}\)
c: \(\dfrac{6\cdot9-2\cdot17}{63\cdot3-119}=\dfrac{54-34}{189-119}=\dfrac{20}{70}=\dfrac{2}{7}\)
a) \(\dfrac{n+2}{3}\) là số tự nhiên khi
\(n+2⋮3\)
\(\Rightarrow n+2\in\left\{1;3\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow n\in\left\{-1;1\right\}\left(n\in Z\right)\)
b) \(\dfrac{7}{n-1}\) là số tự nhiên khi
\(7⋮n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow7n-7\left(n-1\right)⋮n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow7n-7n+7⋮n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow7⋮n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow n-1\in\left\{1;7\right\}\Rightarrow\Rightarrow n\in\left\{2;8\right\}\left(n\in Z\right)\)
c) \(\dfrac{n+1}{n-1}\) là sô tự nhiên khi
\(n+1⋮n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow n+1-\left(n-1\right)⋮n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow n+1-n+1⋮n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow2⋮n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow n-1\in\left\{1;2\right\}\Rightarrow n\in\left\{2;3\right\}\left(n\in Z\right)\)
Lời giải:
a.
\(\frac{n+1}{n+2}=\frac{n+1}{n+2}+1-1=\frac{2n+3}{n+2}-1\)
\(> \frac{2n+3}{n+3}-1=\frac{(n+3)+n}{n+3}-1=\frac{n}{n+3}\)
b.
\(10A=\frac{10^{12}-10}{10^{12}-1}=\frac{(10^{12}-1)-9}{10^{12}-1}=1-\frac{9}{10^{12}-1}<1\)
\(10B=\frac{10^{11}+10}{10^{11}+1}=\frac{(10^{11}+1)+9}{10^{11}+1}=1+\frac{9}{10^{11}+1}>1\)
$\Rightarrow 10A< 10B\Rightarrow A< B$
a: \(\dfrac{-7}{6}=\dfrac{-7\cdot3}{6\cdot3}=\dfrac{-21}{18}\)
\(\dfrac{-11}{9}=\dfrac{-11\cdot2}{9\cdot2}=\dfrac{-22}{18}\)
mà -21>-22
nên \(-\dfrac{7}{6}>-\dfrac{11}{9}\)
b: \(\dfrac{5}{-7}=\dfrac{-5}{7}=\dfrac{-5\cdot5}{7\cdot5}=\dfrac{-25}{35}\)
\(\dfrac{-4}{5}=\dfrac{-4\cdot7}{5\cdot7}=\dfrac{-28}{35}\)
mà -25>-28
nên \(\dfrac{5}{-7}>\dfrac{-4}{5}\)
c: \(\dfrac{-8}{7}< -1\)
\(-1< -\dfrac{2}{5}\)
Do đó: \(-\dfrac{8}{7}< -\dfrac{2}{5}\)
d: \(-\dfrac{2}{5}< 0\)
\(0< \dfrac{1}{3}\)
Do đó: \(-\dfrac{2}{5}< \dfrac{1}{3}\)
a)\(12< 13;49>47\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{12}{49}< \dfrac{13}{47}\)
b)\(\dfrac{64}{85}>\dfrac{43}{85}\Rightarrow\dfrac{64}{85}>\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{17}{35}< \dfrac{17}{34}\Rightarrow\dfrac{17}{35}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{17}{35}< \dfrac{64}{85}\)
c) \(\dfrac{19}{31}>\dfrac{16}{31}\Rightarrow\dfrac{19}{31}>\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{17}{35}< \dfrac{17}{34}\Rightarrow\dfrac{17}{35}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{17}{35}< \dfrac{19}{31}\)
d)
\(1-\dfrac{67}{77}=\dfrac{10}{77}\)
\(1-\dfrac{73}{83}=\dfrac{10}{83}\)
\(\dfrac{10}{77}>\dfrac{10}{83}\Rightarrow\dfrac{67}{77}< \dfrac{73}{83}\)
e)\(1-\dfrac{456}{461}=\dfrac{5}{461}\)
\(1-\dfrac{123}{128}=\dfrac{5}{128}\)
\(\dfrac{5}{461}< \dfrac{5}{128}\Rightarrow\dfrac{456}{461}>\dfrac{123}{128}\)
\(a,\dfrac{12}{49}< \dfrac{12}{47}< \dfrac{13}{47}\Rightarrow\dfrac{12}{49}< \dfrac{12}{47}\)
b, Ta có: \(\dfrac{17}{35}=\dfrac{51}{105}\)
\(\dfrac{64}{85}>\dfrac{64}{105}>\dfrac{51}{105}\Rightarrow\dfrac{64}{85}>\dfrac{51}{105}\) hay \(\dfrac{64}{85}>\dfrac{17}{85}\)
c,\(\dfrac{19}{31}>\dfrac{17}{31}>\dfrac{17}{35}\Rightarrow\dfrac{19}{31}>\dfrac{17}{35}\)
d, \(\dfrac{67}{77}+\dfrac{10}{77}=1\)
\(\dfrac{73}{83}+\dfrac{10}{83}=1\)
\(\dfrac{10}{77}>\dfrac{10}{83}\Rightarrow\dfrac{67}{77}< \dfrac{73}{83}\)
e, \(\dfrac{456}{461}+\dfrac{5}{461}=1\)
\(\dfrac{123}{128}+\dfrac{5}{128}=1\)
\(\dfrac{5}{461}< \dfrac{5}{128}\Rightarrow\dfrac{456}{461}>\dfrac{123}{128}\)
a) Gọi d là ƯCLN(n + 1; n + 2)
\(\Rightarrow n+1⋮d\)
\(n+2⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(n+2\right)-\left(n+1\right)\right]⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n+2-n-1\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow1⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow d=1\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{n+1}{n+2}\) là phân số tối giản
b) Gọi d là ƯCLN(n + 1; 3n + 4)
\(\Rightarrow n+1⋮d\) và \(3n+4⋮d\)
Do \(n+1⋮d\Rightarrow3n+3⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(3n+4\right)-\left(3n+3\right)\right]⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3n+4-3n-3\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow1⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow d=1\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{n+1}{3n+4}\) là phân số tối giản
c) Gọi d là ƯCLN(3n + 2; 5n + 3)
\(\Rightarrow3n+2⋮d\) và \(5n+3⋮d\)
Do \(3n+2⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow5\left(3n+2\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow15n+10⋮d\) (1)
Do \(5n+3⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(5n+3\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow15n+9⋮d\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left[\left(15n+10\right)-\left(15n+9\right)\right]⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(15n+10-15n-9\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow1⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow d=1\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{3n+2}{5n+3}\) là phân số tối giản
d) Gọi d là ƯCLN(12n + 1; 30n + 2)
\(\Rightarrow12n+1⋮d\) và \(30n+2⋮d\)
Do \(12n+1⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow5\left(12n+1\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow60n+5⋮d\) (3)
Do \(30n+2⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(30n+2\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow60n+4⋮2\) (4)
Từ (3 và (4) \(\Rightarrow\left[\left(60n+5\right)-\left(60n+4\right)\right]⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(60n+5-60n-4\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow1⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow d=1\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{12n+1}{30n+2}\) là phân số tối giản
a: Gọi d=ƯCLN(n+1;n+2)
=>n+2-n-1 chia hết cho d
=>1 chia hết cho d
=>d=1
=>PSTG
b: Gọi d=ƯCLN(3n+4;n+1)
=>3n+4-3n-3 chia hết cho d
=>1 chia hết cho d
=>d=1
=>PSTG
c: Gọi d=ƯCLN(3n+2;5n+3)
=>15n+10-15n-9 chia hết cho d
=>1 chia hết cho d
=>d=1
=>PSTG
d: Gọi d=ƯCLN(12n+1;30n+2)
=>60n+5-60n-4 chia hết cho d
=>1 chia hết cho d
=>d=1
=>PSTG
\(a,\dfrac{11}{49}< \dfrac{11}{46};\dfrac{11}{46}< \dfrac{13}{46}\\ Nên:\dfrac{11}{49}< \dfrac{13}{46}\\ b,\dfrac{62}{85}< \dfrac{62}{80};\dfrac{62}{80}< \dfrac{73}{80}\\ Nên:\dfrac{62}{85}< \dfrac{73}{80}\\ c,\dfrac{n}{n+3}< \dfrac{n}{n+2};\dfrac{n}{n+2}< \dfrac{n+1}{n+2}\\ Nên:\dfrac{n}{n+3}< \dfrac{n+1}{n+2}\)