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\(1,Q=\dfrac{a^4-2a^2+a^3-2a+a^2-2}{a^4-2a^2+2a^3-4a+a^2-2}\\ Q=\dfrac{\left(a^2-2\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}{\left(a^2-2\right)\left(a^2+2a+1\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+a+1}{a^2+2a+1}\)
\(Q=\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{x^2+x+1-\dfrac{3}{4}x^2-\dfrac{3}{2}x-\dfrac{3}{4}}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\\ Q=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{4}}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x-1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\\ Q_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(2,\text{Từ GT }\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+czy}{xyz}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+czy=0\\ \text{Ta có }\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{zx}{ca}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{cxy+ayz+bzx}{abc}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{0}{abc}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)
1.
Ta có:
\(x^4+y^4\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x^2+y^2\right)xy\)
Đặt vế trái của BĐT cần chứng minh là P, áp dụng bồ đề vừa chứng minh ta có:
\(P\le\dfrac{a.abc}{bc\left(b^2+c^2\right)+a.abc}+\dfrac{b.abc}{ca\left(c^2+a^2\right)+b.abc}+\dfrac{c.abc}{ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+c.abc}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{a^2.bc}{bc\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2.ac}{ca\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2.ab}{ab\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
2.
\(\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Ta có:\(x^2+4y+4=0;y^2+4z+4=0;z^2+4x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4y+4\right)+\left(y^2+4z+4\right)+\left(z^2+4x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+4+y^2+4y+4+z^2+4z+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\)
Mà\(\left(x+2\right)^2\ge0;\left(y+2\right)^2\ge0;\left(z+2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+2=0\\y+2=0\\z+2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-2\\y=-2\\z=-2\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}x=y=z=-2}\)
Vậy\(x^{10}+y^{10}+z^{10}=x^{10}+x^{10}+x^{10}\)
\(=3\cdot x^{10}=3\cdot\left(-2\right)^{10}=3\cdot1024=3072\)
\(\dfrac{21}{4x}+\dfrac{21}{4y}+\dfrac{21}{4z}=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{21}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy+xz+yz}{xyz}=0\Leftrightarrow xy+xz+yz=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy=-xz-yz\\xz=-xy-yz\\yz=-xy-xz\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+2yz=x^2+yz+yz=x^2+yz-xy-xz=x\left(x-y\right)-z\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2yz}=\dfrac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\dfrac{xz}{y^2+2xz}=\dfrac{xz}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}\) ; \(\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2xy}=\dfrac{xy}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{xz}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\dfrac{xy}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-z\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=\dfrac{y^2z-yz^2-x^2z+xz^2+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{z^2\left(x-y\right)-z\left(x^2-y^2\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=\dfrac{\left(z^2-xz-yz+xy\right)\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x\left(y-z\right)-z\left(y-z\right)\right)\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=1\)