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Bài 1:
\(x^5+x+1\)
\(=x^5-x^4+x^2+x^4-x^3+x+x^3-x^2+1\)
\(=x^2\left(x^3-x^2+1\right)+x\left(x^3-x^2+1\right)+\left(x^3-x^2+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^3-x^2+1\right)\)
Bài 2:
\(\frac{2n^2-3n+1}{2n+1}=\frac{n\left(2n+1\right)-4n+1}{2n+1}=\frac{n\left(2n+1\right)}{2n+1}-\frac{4n+1}{2n+1}=n-\frac{4n+1}{2n+1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow4n+1⋮2n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4n+1}{2n+1}=\frac{2\left(2n+1\right)-1}{2n+1}=\frac{2\left(2n+1\right)}{2n+1}-\frac{1}{2n+1}=2-\frac{1}{2n+1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow1⋮2n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow2n+1\inƯ\left(1\right)=\left\{1;-1\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow2n\in\left\{0;-2\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow n\in\left\{0;-1\right\}\)
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\(x\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)+1\)
Đặt: \(x^2+2x=t\)
khi đó: \(\left(x^2+2x\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)+1=t\left(t+2\right)+1=\left(t+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x+1\right)^2=\left(x+1\right)^4\)
b) Xét: \(\left(n+1\right)^2-n^2=\left(n+1+n\right)\left(n+1-n\right)=2n+1\)
Khi đó:
\(A=\frac{3}{\left(1.2\right)^2}+\frac{5}{\left(2.3\right)^2}+\frac{7}{\left(3.4\right)^2}+...+\frac{2n+1}{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2}\)
\(A=\frac{2^2-1^2}{1^2.2^2}+\frac{3^2-2^2}{2^2.3^2}+\frac{4^2-3^2}{3^2.4^2}+...+\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2-n^2}{n^2.\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(A=1-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(A=1-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
a) \(15x^ny^{2n}-3x^{n+1}\left(-y\right)^{2n}\)
\(=x^ny^{2n}\left(15-3x\right)\)
\(=3x^ny^{2n}\left(5-x\right)\)
b) \(4x^{2n}y^{n-1}+2\left(-x\right)^{2n+1}y^n\)
\(=4x^{2n}y^{n-1}-2x^{2n+1}y^n\)
\(=2x^{2n}y^{n-1}\left(2-xy\right)\)
2. Ta có: P = 2x2 + y2 - 4x - 4y + 10
P = 2(x2 - 2x + 1) + (y2 - 4y + 4) + 4
P = 2(x - 1)2 + (y - 2)2 + 4 \(\ge\)4 \(\forall\)x;y
=> P luôn dương với mọi biến x;y
3 Ta có:
(2n + 1)(n2 - 3n - 1) - 2n3 + 1
= 2n3 - 6n2 - 2n + n2 - 3n - 1 - 2n3 + 1
= -5n2 - 5n = -5n(n + 1) \(⋮\)5 \(\forall\)n \(\in\)Z
a) \(49-x^2+2xy-y^2\)
\(=49-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=49-\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(7-x+y\right)\left(7+x-y\right)\)
c) \(\frac{1}{36}a^2-\frac{1}{4}b^2\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{9}a^2-b^2\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{3}a-b\right)\left(\frac{1}{3}a+b\right)\)
\(Đặt\) \(n^2+2n=h\) ta có:
\(h\left(h+2\right)+1=\)\(h^2+2h+1\)\(=\)\(\left(h+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+2n\right)\left(x^2+2n+2\right)+1=\left(x^2+2n+1\right)^2\)
Ta có:
\(1^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(1^2-1+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1^2+1+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}.\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(2^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(2^2-2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(2^2+2+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(3^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(3^2-3+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(3^2+3+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(4^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(4^2-4+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(4^2+4+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(20+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
...
\(19^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(19^2-19+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(19^2+19+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(342+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(20^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(20^2-20+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(20^2+20+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(420+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{\left(1^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(3^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(5^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(19^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)}{\left(2^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(4^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(6^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(20^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(342+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right)}{\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(20+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(420+\frac{1}{2}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{420+\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{841}\)
Phân tích thành nhân tử
\(=\left(my+nx\right)\left(ny+mx\right)\)
mn(x2 +y2) +xy(m2 +n2)= mnx2 +mny2 +xym2 +xyn2
=mx(nx + my) +ny( my +nx)
=(mx+ny)(nx+my)
Đặt n^2 + 2n + 1= a, ta được:
(a - 1)(a + 1) +1= a^2 - 1 + 1= a^2=(n^2 + 2n +1)^2
=(n + 1)^4