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a)
\(x^3+y^3+3\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4\left(x+y\right)+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3+3x^2+3x+1\right)+\left(y^3+3y^2+3y+1\right)+\left(x+y+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3+\left(y+1\right)^3+\left(x+y+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+2\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2\right]+\left(x+y+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+2\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2+1\right]=0\)
Lại có :\(\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2+1=\left[\left(x+1\right)-\frac{1}{2}\left(y+1\right)\right]^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(y+1\right)^2+1>0\)
Nên \(x+y+2=0\Rightarrow x+y=-2\)
Ta có :
\(M=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{-2}{xy}\)
Vì \(4xy\le\left(x+y\right)^2\Rightarrow4xy\le\left(-2\right)^2\Rightarrow4xy\le4\Rightarrow xy\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{xy}\ge\frac{1}{1}\Rightarrow\frac{-2}{xy}\le-2\)
hay \(M\le-2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=-1\)
Vậy \(Max_M=-2\)khi \(x=y=-1\)
c) ( Mình nghĩ bài này cho x, y, z ko âm thì mới xảy ra dấu "=" để tìm Min chứ cho x ,y ,z dương thì ko biết nữa ^_^ , mình làm bài này với điều kiện x ,y ,z ko âm nhé )
Ta có :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}2x+y+3z=6\\3x+4y-3z=4\end{cases}\Rightarrow2x+y+3z+3x+4y-3z=6+4}\)
\(\Rightarrow5x+5y=10\Rightarrow x+y=2\)
\(\Rightarrow y=2-x\)
Vì \(y=2-x\)nên \(2x+y+3z=6\Leftrightarrow2x+2-x+3z=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+3z=4\Leftrightarrow3z=4-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow z=\frac{4-x}{3}\)
Thay \(y=2-x\)và \(z=\frac{4-x}{3}\)vào \(P\)ta có :
\(P=2x+3y-4z=2x+3\left(2-x\right)-4.\frac{4-x}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=2x+6-3x-\frac{16}{3}+\frac{4x}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x}{3}+\frac{2}{3}\ge\frac{2}{3}\)( Vì \(x\ge0\))
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=2\\z=\frac{4}{3}\end{cases}}\)( Thỏa mãn điều kiện y , z ko âm )
Vậy \(Min_P=\frac{2}{3}\)khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\y=2\\z=\frac{4}{3}\end{cases}}\)
\(A=4y^2-4yz+2z^2-z-1\)
\(=4y^2-4yz+z^2+z^2-z+1\)
\(=\left(2y-z\right)^2+z^2-2\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot z+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(2y-z\right)^2+\left(z-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(2y-z\right)^2+\left(z-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2y-z\right)^2+\left(z-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(Min=\frac{3}{4}\) dấu \("="\)xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2y=z\\z=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}z=\frac{1}{2}\\y=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}}\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+my=3\\m^2x+my=2m^2+m\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+my=3\\\left(m^2-1\right)x=2m^2+m-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+my=3\\x=\dfrac{2m+3}{m+1}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2m+3}{m+1}\\y=\dfrac{1}{m+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{2m+3}{m+1}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{\left(m+1\right)^2}=\left(2+\dfrac{1}{m+1}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{\left(m+1\right)^2}\)
\(=4+\dfrac{4}{m+1}+\dfrac{4}{\left(m+1\right)^2}=\left(\dfrac{2}{m+1}+1\right)^2+3\ge3\)
\(P_{min}=3\) khi \(m=-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2y=6m+4\\3x-2y=11-m\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2y=6m+4\\5x=5m+15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=m+3\\y=2m-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
b. \(P=\left(m+3\right)^2-\left(2m-1\right)^2\)
\(P=-3m^2+10m+10=-3\left(m-\dfrac{5}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{55}{3}\le\dfrac{55}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(m=\dfrac{5}{3}\)
