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\(\left(a^2+\frac{b^2}{4}+\frac{9}{4}+ab-3a-\frac{3}{2}b\right)+\frac{3}{4}\left(b^2-2b+1\right)-\frac{9}{4}-\frac{3}{4}+2013\\ \)
\(\left(a+\frac{b-3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(b-1\right)^2+2013-3\)
GTNN=2010
Khi b=1 và a= 1
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(4M=4a^2+4ab+4b^2-12a-12b+8052\)
\(=(4a^2+4ab+b^2)+3b^2-12a-12b+8052\)
\(=(2a+b)^2-6(2a+b)+9+3b^2-6b+8043\)
\(=[(2a+b)^2-6(2a+b)+9]+3(b^2-2b+1)+8040\)
\(=(2a+b-3)^2+3(b-1)^2+8040\)
\(\geq 0+3.0+8040=8040\)
\(\Rightarrow M\geq \frac{8040}{4}=2010\)
Vậy \(M_{\min}=2010\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 2a+b-3=0\\ b-1=0\end{matrix}\right. \Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a=1\\ b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
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Lời giải:
a)
Ta có \(x(x+1)+5=x^2+x+5=\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{19}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\geq 0\forall x\in\mathbb{R}\Rightarrow x(x+1)+5\geq 0+\frac{19}{4}=\frac{19}{4}\)
Do đó \((x^2+x+5)_{\min}=\frac{19}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
b)
\(M=a^2+ab+b^2-3a-3b+2013\)
\(\Rightarrow 2M=2a^2+2ab+2b^2-6a-6b+4026\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2M=(a+b-2)^2+(a-1)^2+(b-1)^2+4020\)
Thấy \(\left\{\begin{matrix} (a+b-2)^2\geq 0\\ (a-1)^2\geq 0\\ (b-1)^2\geq 0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow 2M\geq 4020\Rightarrow M\geq 2010\)
Vậy \(M_{\min}=2010\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta dễ dàng chứng minh:
\(0< a,b,c\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BDT cô si cho ba số dương ta có:
\(\left(\frac{3}{2}-a\right)+\left(\frac{3}{2}-b\right)+\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{3}{2}-a)(\frac{3}{2}-b)(\frac{3}{2}-c)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3\ge\frac{3}{2}-a)(\frac{3}{2}-b)(\frac{3}{2}-c)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\ge\frac{27}{8}-\frac{9}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\ge-\frac{27}{8}+\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4abc\ge-14+6\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2+4abc\ge13\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Với các bài toán tìm max, min 2 biến kiểu như thế này, em hay cố gắng nhân M lên n lần để tạo thêm được các số hạng, sang đó ghép tạo thành các bình phương.
Cách làm như sau:
\(4M=4a^2+4ab+4b^2-12a-12b+8004\)
\(=\left(4a^2+4ab+b^2\right)-6\left(2a+b\right)+3\left(b^2-2b\right)+8004\)
\(=\left(2a+b\right)^2-6\left(2a+b\right)+9+3\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+7992\)
\(=\left(2a+b-3\right)^2+3\left(b-1\right)^2+7992\ge7992\)
Vậy 4M min = 7992, vây M min = 1998.
Vậy min M = 1998 khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}b-1=0\\2a+b-3=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b=1\\a=1\end{cases}}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(R=\left(a^2+ab+\frac{1}{4}b^2\right)-3a-\frac{3}{2}b+\frac{3}{4}b^2-\frac{3}{2}b+2021\)
\(=\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)^2-3\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)^2+\frac{9}{4}+3\left(\frac{1}{4}b^2-\frac{1}{2}b+\frac{1}{4}\right)+2018\)
\(=\left(a+\frac{b}{2}-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(b-1\right)^2+2018\ge2018\forall a;b\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
\(R=\left(a^2+ab+\frac{1}{4}b^2\right)\)\(-3a-\) \(\frac{3}{2}b\) + \(\frac{3}{4}b^2-\frac{3}{4}b+2021\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)^2-3\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)^2\)\(+\frac{9}{4}+3\left(\frac{1}{4}b^2-\frac{1}{2}b+\frac{1}{4}+2018\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+\frac{b}{2}-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(b-1\right)^2\)\(+2018\ge2018\forall a;b\)
\(Lưu\) \(ý\) \(:dấu\) \(=có\) \(thể\) \(thay\) \(thế\) \(dấu\) \(\Leftrightarrow\)
Ta có 4M = 4a2 + 4ab + 4b2 - 12a - 12b + 8052
= (4a2 + 4ab + b2) - 6(2a + b) + 9 + 3b2 - 6b + 3 + 8040
= (2a + b)2 - 6(a + b) + 9 + 3(b2 - 2b + 1) + 8040
= (2a + b - 3)2 + 3(b - 1)2 + 8040 \(\ge\)8040
=> Min 4M = 8040
=> Min M = 2010
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2a+b-3=0\\b-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\b=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
Vạy Min M = 2010 <=> a = b = 1