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1,Tìm a,b trong đẳng thức:\(\left(\overline{ab}\right)^2=\overline{\left(b-1\right)}\overline{aab}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}=\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}+\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{a+b+b+c+c+a}=\frac{2\left(\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{a+b+c}\)
\(=\frac{10a+b+10b+c+10c+a}{a+b+c}=\frac{11a+11b+11c}{a+b+c}=\frac{11\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=11\)
Lại có : \(P=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{a+c}{a}\)
+) Nếu \(a+b+c=0\) :
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+b=-c\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(b+c=-a\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+c=-b\)
Thay \(a+b=-c\)\(;\)\(b+c=-a\) và \(a+c=-b\) vào \(\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{a+c}{a}\) ta được :
\(\frac{-c}{b}.\frac{-a}{c}.\frac{-b}{a}=\frac{-\left(abc\right)}{abc}=-1\)
+) Nếu \(a+b+c\ne0\) :
Do đó :
\(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=11\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(10a+11b+c=11a+11b\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(c=a\)\(\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=11\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(10b+11c+a=11b+11c\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a=b\)\(\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}=11\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(10c+11a+b=11c+11a\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(b=c\)\(\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) suy ra :
\(a=b=c\)
Suy ra :
\(P=\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{a+c}{a}=\frac{b+b}{b}.\frac{c+c}{c}.\frac{a+a}{a}=\frac{2b}{b}.\frac{2c}{c}.\frac{2a}{a}=2.2.2=8\)
Vậy \(P=-1\) hoặc \(P=8\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
+ \(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}=\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}-\overline{bc}-\overline{ca}+\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{a+b-b-c+c+a}=\frac{2\overline{ab}}{2a}=10+\frac{b}{a}\)
+ \(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}=\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}-\overline{ca}-\overline{ab}}{a+b+b+c-c-a}=\frac{2\overline{bc}}{2b}=10+\frac{c}{b}\)
+ \(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}=\frac{-\overline{ab}-\overline{bc}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}+\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{-a-b+b+c+c+a}=\frac{2\overline{ca}}{2c}=10+\frac{a}{c}\)
=> \(\frac{b}{a}=\frac{c}{b}=\frac{a}{c}\Rightarrow\frac{b+c+a}{a+b+c}=1\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Câu 2. Giả sử ${{n}^{2}}=\overline{abcd}=100\overline{ab}+\overline{cd}=100\left( 1+\overline{cd} \right)+\overline{cd}=101\overline{cd}+100,n\in Z$
$\Rightarrow 101\overline{cd}={{n}^{2}}-100=\left( n-10 \right)\left( n+10 \right).$
Vì $n<100$ và $101$ là số nguyên tố nên $n+10=101\Rightarrow n=91.$
Thử lại: $\overline{abcd}={{91}^{2}}=8281$ có $82-81=1.$
Vậy $\overline{abcd}=8281$
Câu 1:
\(xy+3x-y=6\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+3x-y-3=6-3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(xy+3x\right)-\left(y+3\right)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow x.\left(y+3\right)-\left(y+3\right)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y+3\right).\left(x-1\right)=3\)
Vì \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+3\in Z\\x-1\in Z\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow y+3\inƯC\left(3\right);x-1\inƯC\left(3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow y+3\in\left\{1;3;-1;-3\right\};x-1\in\left\{1;3;-1;-3\right\}.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+3=1\\x-1=3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+3=3\\x-1=1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+3=-1\\x-1=-3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+3=-3\\x-1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-2\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=0\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-4\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-6\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy cặp số nguyên \(\left(x;y\right)\) thỏa mãn đề bài là: \(\left(4;-2\right),\left(2;0\right),\left(-2;-4\right),\left(0;-6\right).\)
Chúc bạn học tốt!