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Relative clauses replaced by participles and to infinitives
1. The street which leads to the school is very wide
-> The street leading to the school is very wide
2. The system which is used here is very succesful
-> The system used here is very successful.
3. John, who teaches my son, is my neighbor
-> John teaching my son is my neighbor
4. Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London
-> Trains leaving from this station take an hour to get to London
5. The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam
-> The candicates sitting for the exams are all from Vietnam
6. We are driving on the road which was built in 1980
-> We are driving on the road built in1980
7. Customers who complain about the service should see the manager
-> Customers complaining about the service should see the manager
8. The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt
-> The city destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt
9. My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm
-> My brother meeting you yesterday works for a big firm
10. The vegetable which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals
-> The vegetable sold in this shop are grown without chemicals
RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO INFINITIVES
1. The man who is standing there is a clown
-> The man standing there is a clown
2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it
-> The envelop lying on the table has no stamp on it
3. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting poin in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosive
-> Benzene discovered by Faraday became the starting poin in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosive
4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house
-> My grandmother, old and sick, never goes out of the house.
5. The student don't know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday
-> The student don't know how to do the exercise given by the teacher yesterday
6. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Six Humphry Davy at the end of 1812
-> The diagrams made by young Faraday were sent to Six Humphry Davy at the end of 1812
7. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator
-> The gentleman living next door to me is a well-known orator
8. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless
-> All the astronauts orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless
9. All students who don't hand in their papers will fail in the exam
-> All students not handing in their papers will fail in the exam.
10. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm
-> I saw many houses destroyed by the storm.
Exercise 1. Choose the best answer.
1. The woman _______next door is a famous singer .
A. lives B. who live C. living D. that living
2. The house ______ in the storm has now been rebuilt .
A. destroyed B. destroying C. which destroyed D. that is destroyed
3. The man ______ at the blackboard is our teacher .
A. stood B. stands C. standing D. to stand
4. Tom was the last ______the classroom yesterday .
A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. leaves
5. Linda was the last student ______ at the oral exam .
A. to be asked B. asking C. asks D. to ask
6. The bridge _____ by French architects is very nice.
A. was designed B. designing C. to design D. designed
7. The man is my teacher . I am grateful to him .
A. The man whom I grateful to him is my teacher . C. The man is my teacher who I am grateful .
B. The man whom I am grateful to is my teacher D. The man to him I am grateful is my teacher .
8. Ngoc is friendly . We are talking about her .
A. Ngoc , we are talking about , is friendly . C. Ngoc , about her we are talking , is friendly .
B. Ngoc, whom we are talking about is friendly D. Ngoc , about whom we are talking, is friendly
9. A pilot is a person who flies an aircraft .
A. A person who called a pilot flies an aircraft . B. A person that flies an aircraft is called a pilot .
C. A pilot is someone who flies an aircraft . D. Both B and C are correct .
10. Sunday is the day _______which we usually go fishing .
A. during B. at C. in D. on
11. The music ______ we listened last night was boring .
A. to which B. which to C. to that D. that
12. The man ______ I introduced you to last night is thoughtful .
A. whom B. that C. Ø D. all are correct
13. She couldn’t answer any question , _______made me surprised.
A. that B. it C. this D. which
14. The books _______ written by Jack London is very interesting .
A. which were B. were C. whose D. which
15. I am going to visit the town _____ I was born and grew up .
A. where B. which C. when D. who
16. This is Mary , ____ is taking over my job when I leave .
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
17. An architect is someone _____ designs buildings .
A. who B. that C. which D. it
18. That is the house in ______I used to live .
A. that B. which C. where D. there
19. The man _______ is my teacher .
A. who she is speaking to B. whom she is speaking with
C. to whom she is speaking D. to whom she is speaking with
20. I apologized to the boy ______ book I borrowed .
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
EXERCISE 1:REPLACE THE UNDERLINED CLAUSES BY A INFINDITIVE OR INFINITIVE PHRASE
1.I don't like him playing in the street.I wish we had a garden that he clould play in.=>for him to play in
2.He simply loves parties.he is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.=>to come/ to leave
3.the last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
=>to leave the room must turn off the lights
4.the first man who was intervieswed was entirely unsuitable
=>to be interviewed
5.I've got a bottle of wine but I haven't got anything that I could open it with
=>To open it with
EXERCISE 2: USE REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES IN PLACE OF THE RELATIVE CLAUSES
1.we had a river in which we could swim
=>We had a river to swim.
2.Here are some accounts that you must check
=>Here are some accounts for you to check
3.the last student that was interviewed was tom
=>The last student to be interviewed was Tom.
4.we visited hanoi.which is the capital of vietnam
=>We visited Hanoi, the capital of VN.
5.my father.who is pilot.often goes abroad
=>My father, a pilot, often goes abroad.
6.I was the only one who realized him
=> I was the only one to realize him.
7.I have some homework which I must do tonight
=> I have some homework to do tonight.
8.Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the milky way
=>Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
9.I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel
=>I was awakened by the sound of a laughter coming from the room next to mine at the hotel.
10.there are six reports which have to be typed today
=>There are six reports to be typed today.
Task 1: Tick (P) the sentences in which relative pronoun can be omitted.
1. £ The girl who we are going to see is from England. P
2. £ He works for a company that makes car.
3. £ What was the name of the man whom you met yesterday? P
4. £ The table that was broken has now been repaired.
5. £ Do you know the girl whom he is talking to? P
6. £ This is the novel which we have been expecting. P
7. £ This is the letter which I received this morning. P
8. £ People who do some exercise usually keep fit.
9. £ Paula won the tennis match which she played yesterday. P
10. £ The girl whom you sat next to at school is now a famous actress. P
Task 2.Reduce relative Clauses(V-ING)
1. The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.
The boy playing the piano is Ben
2. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?
Do you know the woman coming toward us?
3. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet
4. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making progress
5. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
The fence surrounding our house is made of wood
6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.
We have an apartment overlooking the park
7. The students who were waiting for their funding from the government were disappointed.
The students waiting for their funding from the government were disappointed
8. The students who come from Japan work very hard.
The students coming from Japan work very hard
9. The book which is on the table is Lan’s.
The book on the table is Lan’s
10. The man who is standing at the bus stop is my teacher.
The man standing at the bus stop is my teacher
Task 3.Reduce relative Clauses(VED/3)
1. The ideas which are being presented in that book are interesting.
The ideas presented in that book are interesting
2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
I come from a city located in the southern part of the country
3. They live in a house that was built in 1890.
They live in a house built in 1890
4. The photographs which has been published in the newspaper were extraordinary.
The photographs published in the newspaper were extraordinary
5. The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.
The experiment conducted at the University of Chicago was successful
6. They work in a hospital which was being sponsored by the government.
They work in a hospital sponsored by the government
7. My father works in a company which was established in 2005.
My father works in a company established in 2005
8. She gave me a book which was written by Mr. John.
She gave me a book written by Mr. John
9. They will buy a machine which can be operated by solar energy.
They will buy a machine operated by solar energy
10. We are living in a house which had been built by my grandfather.
We are living in a house built by my grandfather
Task 4.Reduce relative Clauses(TO V/ TO BE VED/3)
1. Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space
2. John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain.
John was the last man to reach the top of the mountain
3. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
The last person to leave the room must turn off the light
4. The first person that we must see is Mr. Smith.
The first person to be seen is Mr. Smith
5. This is the second person who had been killed in that way.
This is the second person to be killed in that way
6. The first person who catches the ball will be the winner.
The first person to catch the ball will be the winner
7. He was the last man who left the party.
He was the last man to leave the party
8. He was the only boy who knew the answer.
He was the only boy to know the answer
9. It is the next biggest school which was built in 1985.
It is the next biggest school to be built in 1985
10. The first person who invented the telephone is Graham Bell.
The first person to invent the telephone is Graham Bell
I.
1. Laws should be ............ to stop people from cutting trees for fuel wood
A. Introduced
B. Released
C. Encouraged
D. Established
2. The man ................. my sister loves is very intelligent
A. Whose C. Who
B. Whom D. Which
II. Join the following sentences using relative clauses
1. I don't know the man. He is talking to Mary
I don't know the man who is talking to Mary
2. There are a books. I use them in the class
There are books that I use in the class
3. The school has been gives 50 computers Half of them are brand new
The school has been given 50 computers, half of which are brand new
4. What is the name of the writer? His book won a prize last week
What is the name of the writer whose book won a prize last week ?
III.using present participle,Past participle, Infinitive
1. The children who attend that school receive a good education
The children attending that school receive a good education
2. Nam is the first student who comes to class every day
Nam is the first student to come to class every day
3. The man who is talking to the police man is my uncle
The man talking to the police man is my uncle
4. The torch which he kept in his hand came from Greece
The torch kept in his hand came from Greece
5. The system which is used here is very successful
The system used here is very successful
Coi lại câu 6 với câu 11 bạn ơi , mình thấy hình như sai chỗ nào đó hay sao í
đề là rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ nhưng câu 6 rút rồi nên mk ghi dạng tương đương v. Còn câu 11 thì mk phân vân giữa "playing" và "to play"
Tham khảo
1. The man teaching my son is my friend.
2. The street leading to the school is very wide.
3. My grandfather, old and sick, never goes out of the house.
4. We are driving on the road built in 1980.
5. I saw many houses destroyed by the storm.
6. The computers used here are very old.
7. Trains leaving from this station take an hour to get to London.
8. That is the news surprising us most.
9. They've just delivered the goods ordered last week.
10. They've just delivered the goods ordered last week.
11. Do you know the woman coming towards us?
12. The foreign language being taught in most schools is English.
13. Astronauts orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless…
14. Customers complaining about the service should see the manager……
15.The book on the top of the shelf is very useful……
16. The vegetables sold in this shop are grown without chemicals……
17.The number of students having been counted is quite high……
18. The student sitting next to me is from China……
19. Do you know the music being played on the radio?……
20.He lives in a big house standing on the top of the hill…