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IV. Choose the word (a, b, c, or d) that best fits each of the blank spaces. My sister and I like each other very much although we are very (21)___different___She’s six years (22) _____older than_ ____me and she works in a bank. I’m still (23)___at___ school, so I don’t have a job. My sister (24) _likes___her job, and she earns a lot of money, so she can go out and enjoy herself. She’s very (25)__kind_and often invites me to go with her, but I’m studying very (26) __hard__ at the moment because I want to pass my exams. I usually say no when she asks me, (27) ___but____ last night I was tired (28)___of____ work so I went with her to a dance. We had a great time!
Put the verb into the correct form , positive or negative.
Ex : I was very tired, so I went ( go ) to bed eearly.
Mrs. Trang didn't go ( go ) to work yesterday. She wasn't feeling well.
1. It stopped raining, so I _____took_____ ( take ) off my raincoat.
2. The novel wasn't very interesting. I _____didn't enjoy_____ ( enjoy ) it very much .
3. We went to Kate's house but she _____wasn't____ ( be ) at home.
4. She was in a hurry, so she ______didn't have_____ ( have ) time to phone you.
5. The story was very funny but nobody ____laughed____ ( laugh ).
6. Tom was very hungry. He _____ate____ ( eat ) like a horse.
7. The room was so cold , therefore we ____didn't sleep___ ( sleep) well.
8. It was hard work carrying the bags. They ___were____ ( be ) very heavy.
9. The window was open and a bird _____flew_____ ( fly ) into the room.
10. It was very hot , so I ___turned____ ( turn ) on the air - conditioner.
1. It stopped raining, so I _took_________ ( take ) off my raincoat.
2. The novel wasn't very interesting. I _did'n enjoy___ ( enjoy ) it very much .
3. We went to Kate's house but she _was________ ( be ) at home.
4. She was in a hurry, so she _had______ ( have ) time to phone you.
5. The story was very funny but nobody __did't laugh______ ( laugh ).
6. Tom was very hungry. He _ate________ ( eat ) like a horse.
7. The room was so cold , therefore we _slept______ ( sleep) well.
8. It was hard work carrying the bags. They _were______ ( be ) very heavy.
9. The window was open and a bird _did't fly_________ ( fly ) into the room.
10. It was very hot , so I _turned______ ( turn ) on the air - conditioner.
We didn’t go to her party last night
-> we wish..had gone to her party last night..
They think that she broke the vase
-> she....is thought to have broken the vase..
She has a good relationship with all the people working here-
>she gets..a good relationship with all the people working here...
omeone mended the new jeans for her yesterday
->She..was mended the new jeans yesterday....
It is reported that he has been injured
->He..is reported to have been injured ..
My English is not good so I can’t apply for this job( enough)
->my..English is not good enough for me to apply for this job...
When did you become interested in classical music
->How long...have you become interested in classical music?....
I last saw her 10 years ago
-> I haven’t......seen her for 10 years.
We couldn’t get home before 8pm because we missed the last bus
->if...we hadn't missed the last bus,We could have got home before 8pm..
I got up late this morning so I missed the bus
->if...I hadn't got up late this morning ,I wouldn't have missed the bus...
The book is too expensive, I can’t buy it now
->if..The book weren't too expensive, I could buy it now...
Her English is not very good so she can not join their club
->if..Her English were very good ,she could join their club...
He was hungry because he didn’t have breakfast this morning
>if...He hadn't been hungry,he would have had breakfast this morning..
Our mother is not here,we can’t start the party-
>if...Our mother were here,we could start the party-...
I have to learn English again because I didn’t learn it carefully at school
->if.....I had learned English carefully at school,I wouldn't have learned it again..
Last night I didn’t watch that film because I had to do so much at school
->if.....,I had done so much at school,Last night I would have watched that film,.
She got bad marks because she didn’t study hard
->if...she had studied hard,She wouldn't have got bad marks....
He wants to become a volleyball player but he is not tall enough
->if......he were tall enough,He would become a volleyball player...
I didn’t finish the homework this morning so my teacher was very angry
->if....I had finished the homework this morning , my teacher wouldn't have been very angry......
The house is too expensive,we can’t buy it now
->if.....The house weren't too expensive,we could buy it now....
Her Japanese is not very good so she doesn’t apply for that job
->if.....Her Japanese were very good ,she would apply for that job......
He missed the bus this morning because he got up late
->if.....he hadn't got up late,He wouldn't have missed the bus this morning.....
Our teacher is not here,we can’t have a short break now
->if.......Our teacher were here,we could have a short break now...
I don’t understand this lesson because I missed the class yesterday
->if......I hadn't missed the class yesterday,I would understand this lesson....
Last night I watched TV so late and now I am very tired
->if....Last night I hadn't watched TV so late ,now I wouldn't be tired.....
She failed the exam because she didn’t study hard-
>if......she had studied hard,She wouldn't have failed the exam......
He can’t join our club because he is not tall enough
->if..he were tall enough,He could join our club....
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF REASON
I/ Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. he is tired, he can’t work longer.
A. Because B. Even though C. Although D. Besides
2. it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.
A. If B. Since C. Although D. Because
3. it was late, we decided to take a taxi home.
A. Because B. Since C. Because of D. Although
4. you subtract 7 from 12, you will have 5.
A. Because B. If C. Though D. As
5. We couldn’t reach the house the road was flooded.
A. because B. because of C. if D. though
6. he has a headache, he has to take an aspirin.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of
7. The flight had to be delayed the bad weather.
A. because B. Because of C. despite D. when
8. he comes to the theater with me, I shall go alone.
A. Because of B. Because C. Unless D. When
9. Take a map with you you lose your way.
A. so B. because C. although D. in case
10. rain or snow, there are always more than fifty thousand fans at the football games.
A. Even though B. Because C. Despite D. Because of
11. his illness, he had to cancel the appointment.
A. However B. Despite C. If D. Because of
12. Minh had a terrible headache. , he went to school.
A. However B. But C. Although D. Because
13. Tom has a bike, he always walks to school.
A. but B. because of C. because D. despite
14. My sister will take the plane she dislikes flying.
A. because B. so that C. although D. before
15. We decided to leave the party early it was boring.
A. due to B. because C. but D. and
16. The students arrived late the traffic jam.
A. because B. owing to C. despite D. so
17. he missed the first bus, he came ten minutes late.
A. Since B. Although C. However D. Therefore
18. his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.
A. In spite of B. Because of C. If D. Although
19. It was difficult to deliver the letter the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope.
A. though B. but C. so D. because
20. it rained heavily, I went to school on time.
A. However B. But C. Although D. Because
21. He didn’t answer the questions correctly _______.
A. although he isn’t intelligent B. because he is intelligent
C. in spite of his intelligence D. despite his intelligent
22. ______, I can’t hear what he is saying.
A. Because of the noise B. Because of the soft music
C. Though the music is noise D. In spite of the noise music
23. _____, I feel very refresh.
A. Because I work very hard B. Although I get up early
C. Because of getting up early D. Despite getting up late
24. They live happily ______.
A. because they have no money B. though they are rich
C. in spite of their poverty D. because of their poor
25. He can’t join in the volunteer campaign _______.
A. although he is busy B. because he hurts his legs
C. in spite of working very hard D. because of registering for it
26. Though he drove carefully, he had an accident yesterday.
A. Despite his carelessness, he had an accident yesterday.
B. Despite he drove carefully, he had an accident yesterday.
C. In spite of driving carefully, he had an accident yesterday.
D. In spite of a careful drive, he had an accident yesterday.
27. He was very tired but he kept on working.
A. Despite very tired, he kept on working.
B. Though his tiredness, he kept on working.
C. Although he was very tired, but he kept on working.
D. He kept on working although he was very tired.
28. Although it rained heavily, they went on working.
A. In spite of the rain heavily, they went on working.
B. In spite of the raining heavily, they went on working.
C. Despite the heavy rain, they went on working.
D. Though the fact that it rained heavily, they went on working.
29. Cars cause pollution but people still want them.
A. Because cars cause pollution, people want them.
B. Despite the fact that cars cause pollution, people want them.
C. Cars cause pollution although people want them.
D. Cars cause pollution because people still want them.
30. She was seriously ill but she enjoyed life very much.
A. In spite of her serious illness, she enjoyed life very much.
B. Although she enjoyed life very much, she was seriously ill.
C. She was seriously ill because she enjoyed life very much.
D. Despite seriously ill, she enjoyed life very much.
II/ Choose the underlined part among A, B, C, or D that needs correcting:
31. My friends advised her to stop doing the housework because=> because of her old age.
A B C D
32. Because=> Because of the invention of machines such as vacuum cleaners, washing machines,
A B
women spend less time doing the housework.
C D
33. John didn’t go to work because of=> because he was seriously ill.
A B C D
34. In spite of=> Though my father is old, he still goes to work.
A B C D
35. Peter succeeded in his exam because of=> because he worked hard and methodically.
A B C D
36. Rice plants grow well because the climate is warmly=> warm and damp.
A B C D
37. The plane couldn’t take off because=> because of the bad weather.
A B C D
38. He couldn’t drive fast owing to=> because the street was crowded and narrow.
A B C D
39. The train was late because the fog is=> was thick.
A B C D
40. Since=> Because of the difficult test, I couldn’t finish it on time.
A B C D
III/ Rewrite these sentences
1. He was late for school because his bike was broken.
à ……He was late for school….because of ……his broken bike…
2. Although he runs very fast, he isn’t tired.
à Despite ……he runs very fast , he isn’t tired..
3. Most people think jogging is a good exercise, so they begin to jog.
à Because ...most people think jogging is a good exercise,they begin to jog..
4. The air in the country is polluted, but people like to live there.
à ....People like to live in the country... though .....the air there is polluted....
5. Computers can be used for various purposes, so they become very popular today.
à Because of .......being used for various purposes, computers become very popular today......
6. If you passed the exam, your parents would be very happy.
à …Your parents would be very happy.. because …you passed the exam……
7. Because of the hot weather, we go to the beach.
à If …the weather is hot, we will go to the beach…
8. Tom understands the lesson. However, he couldn’t apply in the exercises.
à …Tom couldn’t apply in the exercises... although …he understands the lesson...
9. They played very well. Therefore, they won the game.
à Because …they played very well, they won the game…
10. The suitcase is too heavy for Tom to bring.
à …Tom can't bring the suitcase…. because it is too heavy…….
Ex1: Rewrite the following sentences so that the second sentence means exactly the same as the sentence before it:
1. Although she was not beautiful, she took part in a beauty contest.
-> She wasn't beautiful but she took part in a beauty contest.
2. It was raining, so we decided to postpone our camping.
-> Since it was raining, we decided to postpone our camping.
3. She wants them to sing a song.
-> She suggests they should singing a song.
4. She couldn't come to class because of her illness.
-> As she was ill, she couldn't come to class.
5. She couldn't join us because she was busy.
-> She was busy, so she couldn't join us.
6. Because of having a lot of difficulties, she managed to sell the house.
-> As she had a lot of difficulties, she managed to sell house.
7. Shall we go to the cinema tonight ?
-> What about going to the cinema tonight?
8. They requested us to leave the place at once.
-> They suggested we leaving the place at once.
9. I stay at home because it is raining.
-> As it is raining, I stay at home.
10. She was tired and therefore wanted to go home.
-> She wanted to go home because of tiring
Ex2: Complete the sentences using and / but / so / or / because:
1. I like Linda very much ..but... I don't like her brother.
2. I'd like to live somewhere by the Mediterranean ..because... I love the Sun.
3. We enjoy learning English ....so..... we find it very difficult.
4. I can't go out tonight ....because..... I am short of money.
5. She went to the theatre last night ....and.... had a wonderful time.
6. They can't walk home ......because...... it is very dark.
7. Would you like to drink milk .....or....coffee ?
8. It's raining heavily, ....so.... I can't go out.
9. He did the tests well ...and...I did, too.
10. His life was hard ....but... he studied very well.
Ex3: Use connectives to combine each pair of the sentences:
1. He is very tired. He has to finish his homework. (but)
-> He is very tired but he has to finish his homework.
2. The room is very small. It's quite comfortable. (although)
-> Althought the room is small, it's quite comfortable.
3. They went for a walk. The weather was bad. (but)
-> The weather was bad but they went for a walk.
4. Our teacher didn't arrive late. The traffic was terrible. (although)
-> Althought the trafic was terrible, our teacher didn't arive late.
5. I like watching TV. I like going to the cinema. (and)
-> I like watching TV and going to the cinema.
6. She wears glasses. She wants to see better. (because)
-> She wears glasses because she wants to see better.
Study well. 
1. He is very tired. He has to finish his homework. (but)
-> He is very tired but he has to finish his homework.
2. The room is very small. It's quite comfortable. (although)
->Although the room is very small, It's quite comfortable.
3. They went for a walk. The weather was bad. (but)
-> The weather was bad but they went for a walk.
4. Our teacher didn't arrive late. The traffic was terrible. (although)
-> Although the traffic was terrible, our teacher didn't arrive late.
5. I like watching TV. I like going to the cinema. (and)
-> I like watching TV and going to the cinema.
6. She wears glasses. She wants to see better. (because)
-> She wears glasses because she wants to see better.
1. The weather was nice.................(although/or/unitil)it was a bit cold
2. It was raining...............(however/because/so)I took my umbrella
3.We went to the restaurant..............(although/however/because0there was no food in the house.
4. I will tell you my plans.................(while/or/because)we are having dinner.
5. Andy was bored at school,.................(so/while/and)he left when he was sixteen
6. I didn't buy it........................(baecau/however/and)it was very expensive
7. John failed his history test....................(and/therefore/ỏ), he has to do the test again
8. She wants to prepare a five - food tray,.................(but/so/although)she hasn't got enough truit.
1. Underline the correct word in bold in the following sentences.
1. The weather was nice.................(although/or/unitil)it was a bit cold
2. It was raining...............(however/because/so)I took my umbrella
3.We went to the restaurant..............(although/however/because0there was no food in the house.
4. I will tell you my plans.................(while/or/because)we are having dinner.
5. Andy was bored at school,.................(so/while/and)he left when he was sixteen
6. I didn't buy it........................(baecau/however/and)it was very expensive
7. John failed his history test....................(and/therefore/ỏ), he has to do the test again
8. She wants to prepare a five - food tray,.................(but/so/although)she hasn't got enough truit.
Correct the underlined words where necessary
1. She failed because she didn't work hard
2. However -> Because it was raining heavily, we canceled the game
3. I like soccer very much. But -> However I can't play it
4. There was a serious accident on National Road 1. So -> Therefore the traffic was heavily blocked
5. She can't see well so she has to wear glasses
6. Everybody loves him because he is always ready to help
7. Therefore -> Because he successfully passed the final exam, his family is very proud of him
8. The teacher ended the class earlier than usual however -> because she had something to do
9. The alarm unfortunately stopped working therefore -> so he was late for class
10. The whole family wanted to eat out tonight. However, my father suggested that we should cook something and enjoy our happy time together.
