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\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow Zn+H_2\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow Zn+H_2O\)
Ta có : \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{14.6}.100=44,52\%\)
=> % m ZnO = 55,48%
Bài 1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl-->MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,1..........0,2..................0,1...........0,1
\(MgO+2HCl-->MgCl_2+H_2O\)
\(m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgO}=10-2,4=7,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\%Mg=\dfrac{2,4}{10}.100\%=24\%\)
\(\%MgO=100\%-24\%=76\%\)
b) \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{7,6}{40}=0,19\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,19.2\right).36,5.100\%}{7,3\%}=290\left(g\right)\)
c) \(C\%=\dfrac{\left(0,19+0,1\right).95}{10+290-0,1.2}.100\%\approx9,18\%\)
\(\text{Đặt }n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+56y=13,9(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2(2)\\ b,\text{Từ 2 PT: }1,5x+y=0,35(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7(g)\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2(g)\)
\(c,n_{HCl(1)}=3n_{Al}=0,3(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,1(mol);n_{H_2(1)}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl(1)}}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{14,6\%}=75(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{2,7+75-0,15.2}.100\%=17,25\%\)
\(n_{HCl(2)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2(2)}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m{dd_{HCl(2)}}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+100-0,2.2}.100\%=22,92\%\)
a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b) Gọi số mol Al, Fe lần lượt là a,b
=> 27a + 56b = 13,9
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----->3a--------->a------->1,5a______(mol)
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------>2b-------->b----->b__________(mol)
=> 1,5a + b = 0,35
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1=>m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\b=0,2=>m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) nHCl = 3a + 2b = 0,7 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,7.36,5 = 25,55(g)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{25,55.100}{14,6}=175\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(saupu\right)}=13,9+175-2.0,35=188,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{13,35}{188,2}.100\%=7,1\%\\C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{25,4}{188,2}.100\%=13,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH
Mg + 2HCl ----> MgCl2 + H2 (1)
MgO + 2HCl -----> MgCl2 + H2O (2)
a) Theo pt(1) n Mg = n H2 = \(\frac{1,12}{22,4}\) = 0,05 (mol)
==> m Mg = 0,005 . 24=1,2 (g)
%m Mg = \(\frac{1,2}{3,2}\). 100%= 37,5%
%m MgO= 100% - 37,5%= 62,5%
b)m dd sau pư = 3,2 + 246,9 - 0,05 . 2=250 (g)
Theo pt(1)(2) n MgCl2(1) = n Mg = 0,05 mol
n MgCl2 (2) = n MgO=\(\frac{3,2-1,2}{40}\)=0,05(mol)
==> tổng n MgCl2 = 0,1 (mol) ---->m MgCl2 = 9,5 (g)
C%(MgCl2)= \(\frac{9,5}{250}\) .100% = 3,8%
a)
Gọi $n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b \Rightarrow 24a + 27b = 5,1(1)$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
Ta có :
$n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,1
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\% =47,06\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 52,94\%$
b)
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,5(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,5.36,5}{10\%} = 182,5(gam)$
c)
$MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \to Mg(OH)_2 + 2NaCl$
$AlCl_3 + 3NaOH \to Al(OH)_3 + 3NaCl$
$Al(OH)_3 + NaOH \to NaAlO_2 + 2H_2O$
$n_{Mg(OH)_2} = a = 0,1(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{kết\ tủa} = 0,1.58 = 5,8(gam)$
Ta có:
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\) ; \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Đặt số mol Mg và Al lần lượt là a và b (a,b>0)
theo bài ra ta có hệ
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\a+1,5b=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%Mg=\dfrac{0,1\times24}{5,1}=47,06\%\Rightarrow\%Al=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)
Theo PT có \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=2\times0,1+3\times0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,5\times36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{10\%}=182,5\left(g\right)\)
\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\)
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\)
+ Với NaOH vừa đủ
\(a=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}+m_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1\times58+0,1\times78=13,6\left(g\right)\)
+ Với NaOH dư có thêm PT
\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow a=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\times58=5,8\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1: gọi a,b là ố mol của Mg và Al
Mg + 2HCl - > MgCl2 + H2
-a---------------------------------a
Al + 3HCl -> AlCl3 + 3/2H2
-b---------------------b-------3/2b-
Ta có 24a+27b=7.8 g (1)
Mà bạn thấy nhé! Hòa tan 7,8g kim loại HOÀN TOÀN vào HCl dư mà dung dịch chỉ tăng thêm 7g
=> 0,8g mất đi là do H2 bay hơi -> nH2 = 0.4 mol
Có thêm a+3/2b=0.4 (2)
từ 1 và 2 ta có hệ pt: \(\begin{cases}24a+27b=7,8\\a+\frac{3}{2}b=0,4\end{cases}\)
<=> \(\begin{cases}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{cases}\)
=> mMg =0,1.24=2,4g
=> mAl=7,8-2,4=5,4g
Bài 2: H2+Cl2=>2HCl
Theo định luật bảo toàn thì là 5 lít thôi
H=20%=> V=5:100.20=1lit
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2 (1)
MgO + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O (2)
nH2=0,05(mol)
Từ 1:
nMg=nH2=0,05(mol)
mMg=24.0,05=1,2(g)
=>mMgO=9,2-1,2=8(g)\(\Leftrightarrow\)0,2(mol)
Theo PTHH 1 và 2 ta có:
nHCl(1)=2nMg=0,1(mol)
nHCl(2)=2nMgO=0,4(mol)
nMgCl2=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)nHCl=0,25(mol)
mHCl=36,5.0,5=18,25(g)
mdd HCl=18,25:14,6%=125(g)
mdd=125+9,2-2.0,05==134,1(g)
mMgCl2=95.0,25=23,75(g)
C% dd MgCl2=\(\dfrac{23,75}{134,1}.100\%=17,71\%\)
PTHH: \(K_2O+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O\)
\(K_2SO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+SO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{K_2O}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{K_2O}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot94}{0,1\cdot94+0,3\cdot158}\cdot100\%\approx16,55\%\\\%m_{K_2SO_3}=83,45\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{KCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{KCl}=74,5\cdot0,8=59,6\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{hh}=56,8\left(g\right)\\m_{SO_2}=0,3\cdot64=19,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{SO_2}=237,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{59,6}{237,6}\cdot100\%\approx25,1\%\)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 0,4 0,2
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,05.24=1,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgO}=9,2-1,2=8\left(g\right)\)
0/0Mg = \(\dfrac{1,2.100}{9,2}=13,04\)0/0
0/0MgO = \(\dfrac{8.100}{9,2}=86,96\)0/0
b) Có : \(m_{MgO}=8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,1+0,4=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{14,6}=125\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{MgCl2\left(tổng\right)}=0,05+0,2=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{MgCl2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=9,2+125-\left(0,05.2\right)=134,1\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{MgCl2}=\dfrac{23,75.100}{134,1}=17,71\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05
PTHH: MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,4 0,2
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.24.100\%}{9,2}=13,04\%;\%m_{MgO}=100-13,04=86,96\%\)
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{9,2-0,05.24}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
b,\(m_{HCl}=\left(0,1+0,4\right).36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{14,6}=125\left(g\right)\)
c,mdd sau pứ = 9,2+125-0,05.2 = 134,1 (g)
\(C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{\left(0,05+0,2\right).95.100\%}{134,1}=17,71\%\)