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Cho x,y,z>0 thỏa xy+yz+zx=1.Chứng minh rằng:
\(\Sigma\frac{1}{xy}\ge3+\Sigma\frac{\sqrt{x^2+1}}{x}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(VT=\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xy}+\frac{xy+yz+zx}{yz}+\frac{xy+yz+zx}{zx}\)
\(VT=3+\frac{z\left(x+y\right)}{xy}+\frac{x\left(y+z\right)}{yz}+\frac{y\left(x+z\right)}{zx}\) (1)
Mặt khác:
\(\frac{z\left(x+y\right)}{xy}+\frac{x\left(y+z\right)}{yz}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{zx\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}{xy^2z}}=2\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}{y^2}}=\frac{2\sqrt{y^2+xy+yz+zx}}{y}=\frac{2\sqrt{y^2+1}}{y}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{z\left(x+y\right)}{xy}+\frac{y\left(x+z\right)}{zx}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{x^2+1}}{x}\) ; \(\frac{x\left(y+z\right)}{yz}+\frac{y\left(x+z\right)}{zx}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{z^2+1}}{z}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\frac{z\left(x+y\right)}{xy}+\frac{x\left(y+z\right)}{yz}+\frac{y\left(x+z\right)}{xz}\ge\frac{\sqrt{x^2+1}}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{y^2+1}}{y}+\frac{\sqrt{z^2+1}}{z}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=...\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có :
\(x+\frac{1}{2x}\ge2\sqrt{x\cdot\frac{1}{2x}}=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\)
\(y+\frac{2}{y}\ge2\sqrt{y\cdot\frac{2}{y}}=2\sqrt{2}\)
=> \(x+\frac{1}{2x}+y+\frac{2}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}+2\sqrt{2}=3\sqrt{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\\y=\sqrt{2}\end{cases}}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(a=\sqrt{x},b=\sqrt{y},c=\sqrt{z}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)
Khi đó
\(P=\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\)và \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
<=>\(P=\frac{a^4}{a^2b}+\frac{b^4}{cb^2}+\frac{c^4}{ac^2}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^2b+cb^2+ac^2}\)(bất đẳng thức cosi schwaz)
Ta có
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(a^3+b^2a\right)+\left(b^3+bc^2\right)+\left(c^3+ca^2\right)+\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)
\(\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)
=> \(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}\)
Khi đó
\(P\ge\sqrt{3}.\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}}=\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge3\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=1 => x=y=z=1
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si dạng Engel,ta có :
\(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}}\)
Mà \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}\le x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = z = \(\frac{3}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}}\)
Xét \(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\sqrt{yz}\le\frac{y+z}{2}\\\sqrt{xz}\le\frac{x+z}{2}\\\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{x+y}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{y+z}{2}+\frac{x+z}{2}+\frac{x+y}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\le x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}\le2\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{yz}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{yz}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Vì \(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1111111111111111111
\(VT=\Sigma\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xy}=3+\Sigma\frac{z\left(x+y\right)}{xy}\)
Đến đây để ý \(\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{z\left(x+y\right)}{xy}+\frac{y\left(z+x\right)}{zx}\right]\ge\sqrt{\frac{\left(z+x\right)\left(x+y\right)}{x^2}}\left(\text{AM - GM}\right)\)
Là xong.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(a=\sqrt{x},b=\sqrt{y},c=\sqrt{z}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)
Khi đó :
\(P=\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\) và \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\frac{a^4}{a^2b}+\frac{b^4}{cb^2}+\frac{c^4}{ac^2}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^2b+cb^2+ac^2}\) ( theo BĐT cô-si schwarz )
Ta có :
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(a^3+b^2a\right)+\left(b^3+bc^2\right)+\left(c^3+ca^2\right)+\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)
\(\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}\)
Khi đó :
\(P\ge\sqrt{3}.\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}}=\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\Rightarrow x=y=z=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(a^3;b^3;c^3\right)\Rightarrow abc=1\)
\(VT=\sum\frac{\sqrt{1+a^6+b^6}}{a^3b^3}\ge\sum\frac{\sqrt{3\sqrt[3]{a^6b^6}}}{a^3b^3}=\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{1}{a^2b^2}+\frac{1}{b^2c^2}+\frac{1}{c^2a^2}\right)\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{3}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a^2b^2.b^2c^2.c^2a^2}}=3\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\) hay \(x=y=z=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(1+x^3+y^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3}=3xy\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3xy}}{xy}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{xy}}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự :
\(\frac{\sqrt{1+y^3+z^3}}{yz}\ge\sqrt{\frac{3}{yz}};\frac{\sqrt{1+z^3+x^3}}{xz}\ge\sqrt{\frac{3}{xz}}\)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức và thu lại ta được :
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\frac{3}{xy}}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{yz}}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{xz}}\ge3\sqrt[6]{\frac{27}{x^2y^2z^2}}=3\sqrt[6]{27}=3\sqrt{3}\)
( Cauchy )
Ta có đpcm
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
Cách khác nè bạn
Xét bđt phụ \(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\)
Thật vậy\(\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)-ab\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng với a,b>0)
Áp dụng ta có \(x^3+y^3+1\ge xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz=xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}\ge\frac{\sqrt{xy}\sqrt{x+y+z}}{xy}=\sqrt{\frac{x+y+z}{xy}}\)
T tự ta có:\(VT\ge\sqrt{x+y+z}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{1}{xy}\right)=\sqrt{x+y+z}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\ge\sqrt{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}.3\sqrt[3]{\sqrt{xyz}}=3\sqrt{3}\left(xyz=1\left(gt\right)\right)\)
Nếu đề không có điều kiện gì thêm, với x = 0 => VT = 2 < 3