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Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}-\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}-\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{3a^2+3b^2+3c^2}{9}-\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc}{9}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc}{9}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2+2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2+2bc+c^2\right)}{9}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
Vì \(\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}{9}\ge0\)
hay \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}-\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\ge0\) => đpcm
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1) Áp dụng bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\left(2a^2+b^2\right)\left(2a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a^2+bc\right)^2}=2a^2+bc\), tương tự với các mẫu ta được vế trái \(\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1< =>\)\(1-\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\le2< =>\)
\(\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)<=> \(\frac{b^2c^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{2b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\ge1\) (1)
áp dụng (x2 +y2 +z2)(m2+n2+p2) \(\ge\left(xm+yn+zp\right)^2\)
(2a2bc +b2c2 + 2b2ac+a2c2 + 2c2ab+a2b2). VT\(\ge\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2\) <=> (ab+bc+ca)2. VT \(\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2< =>VT\ge1\) ( vậy (1) đúng)
dấu '=' khi a=b=c
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Bài 1 :
a) Ta có : \(\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy : \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\) , \(b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\) , \(c+a\ge2\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8abc\) hay \(\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)\ge8abc\)
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2) a) Không mất tính tổng quát, ta giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c>0\).Suy ra \(a+b\ge a+c\ge b+c\)
Ta có : \(\frac{b}{c+a}< \frac{b}{b+c}\); \(\frac{c}{a+b}< \frac{c}{b+c}\); \(\frac{a}{b+c}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}+\frac{a}{b+c}< \frac{b+c}{b+c}+1=2\)
b) Đặt \(x=b+c-a\); \(y=c+a-b\); \(z=a+b-c\);
Khi đó : \(2a=y+z\Rightarrow a=\frac{y+z}{2}\). \(b=\frac{x+z}{2}\); \(c=\frac{x+y}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\frac{y+z}{2}}{x}+\frac{\frac{x+z}{2}}{y}+\frac{\frac{x+y}{2}}{z}=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)\right]\)
Mặt khác ta có : \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2\); \(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\ge2\); \(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\frac{y+z}{2}}{x}+\frac{\frac{x+z}{2}}{y}+\frac{\frac{x+y}{2}}{z}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(2+2+2\right)\)
hay \(\frac{a}{b+c-a}+\frac{b}{a+c-b}+\frac{c}{a+b-c}\ge3\)(đpcm)