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Dễ dàng chứng minh được:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)với \(x,y>0\)(1)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y>0\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{bc\left(a+1\right)}=\frac{a}{abc+bc}=\frac{a}{ab+bc+ca+bc}=\frac{a}{\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(bc+ca\right)}\)
Áp dụng (1), ta được:
\(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\ge\frac{4}{\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(bc+ca\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{4\left(ab+bc\right)}+\frac{1}{4\left(bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{1}{ab+bc+bc+ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\right)\ge\frac{a}{ab+bc+bc+ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\right)\ge\frac{a}{bc\left(a+1\right)}\left(2\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=c>0\)
Chúng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\frac{b}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+ca}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\right)\ge\frac{b}{ca\left(b+1\right)}\left(3\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảu ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=c>0\).
\(\frac{c}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ac+ab}+\frac{1}{ab+bc}\right)\ge\frac{c}{ab\left(c+1\right)}\left(4\right)\)
Từ (2), (3) và (4), ta được:
\(\frac{a}{bc\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{b}{ca\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{c}{ab\left(c+1\right)}\le\)\(\frac{a}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ac}\right)+\frac{b}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ac+bc}+\frac{1}{ac+ab}\right)\)\(+\frac{c}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{ab+ac}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{a}{ab+bc}+\frac{c}{ab+bc}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{bc+ac}+\frac{b}{bc+ac}\right)\)\(+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{ab+ac}+\frac{c}{ab+ac}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{a+c}{4\left(ab+bc\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4\left(bc+ac\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4\left(ab+ac\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{a+c}{4b\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4a\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{4c}+\frac{1}{4a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}.\frac{abc}{abc}=\frac{1}{4}.1=\frac{1}{4}\)( vì \(ab+bc+ca=abc\))
Dấu bằng xảy ra
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c>0\\ab+bc+ca=abc\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)
Vậy \(minP=\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{1+a}=1-\frac{1}{1+b}+1-\frac{1}{1+c}=\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}\\\frac{1}{1+b}=1-\frac{1}{1+a}+1-\frac{1}{1+c}=\frac{a}{1+a}+\frac{c}{1+c}\\\frac{1}{1+c}=1-\frac{1}{1+b}+1-\frac{1}{1+a}=\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{a}{1+a}\end{cases}}\)
Áp dụng bđt AM-GM:
\(\frac{a}{1+a}+\frac{b}{1+b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}}\)
\(\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
\(\frac{a}{1+a}+\frac{c}{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ac}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
Nhân theo vế: \(\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\ge\frac{8abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\le\frac{1}{8}."="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1 .
Từ gt : \(2ab+6bc+2ac=7abc\)và \(a,b,c>0\)
Chia cả hai vế cho abc > 0
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{c}+\frac{6}{a}+\frac{2}{b}=7\)
Đặt \(x=\frac{1}{a},y=\frac{1}{b},z=\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x,y,z>0\\2z+6x+2y=7\end{cases}}\)
Khi đó : \(C=\frac{4ab}{a+2b}+\frac{9ac}{a+4c}+\frac{4bc}{b+c}\)
\(=\frac{4}{2x+y}+\frac{9}{4x+z}+\frac{4}{y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{4}{2x+y}+2x+y+\frac{9}{4x+z}+4x+z+\frac{4}{y+z}+y+z\)\(-\left(2x+y+4x+z+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{x+2y}}-\sqrt{x+2y}\right)^2+\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{4x+z}}-\sqrt{4x+z}\right)^2\)\(+\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{y+z}}-\sqrt{y+z}\right)^2+17\ge17\)
Khi \(x=\frac{1}{2},y=z=1\)thì \(C=17\)
Vậy GTNN của C là 17 khi a =2; b =1; c = 1
2 .
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có :\(1+b^2\ge2b\)nên
\(\frac{a+1}{1+b^2}=\left(a+1\right)-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\)
\(\ge\left(a+1\right)-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}=a+1-\frac{ab+b}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+1}{1+b^2}\ge a+1-\frac{ab+b}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{b+1}{1+c^2}\ge b+1-\frac{bc+c}{2}\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{c+1}{1+a^2}\ge c+1-\frac{ca+a}{2}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng vế theo vế (1), (2) và (3) ta được:
\(\frac{a+1}{1+b^2}+\frac{b+1}{1+c^2}+\frac{c+1}{1+a^2}\ge3+\frac{a+b+c-ab-bc-ca}{2}\left(^∗\right)\)
Mặt khác : \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c-ab-bc-ca}{2}\ge0\)
Nên \(\left(^∗\right)\) \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+1}{1+b^2}+\frac{b+1}{1+c^2}+\frac{c+1}{1+a^2}\ge3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng giả thiết từ đề bài :
\(M=\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{abc+bc+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{1}{b+1+bc}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{1+bc+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{1+b+bc}{b+1+bc}=1\)
Vậy M = 1
Đặt \(\left(a,b,c\right)\rightarrow\left(x^3,y^3,z^3\right)\)thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x,y,z>0\\xyz=1\end{cases}}\)và ta cần tìm GTLN của \(P=\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}+\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+1}+\frac{1}{z^3+x^3+1}\)
Theo bất đẳng thức Cô-si, ta có: \(3a.a.b\le a^3+a^3+b^3=2a^3+b^3\); \(3a.b.b\le a^3+b^3+b^3=a^3+2b^3\)
Cộng theo vế hai bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(3ab\left(a+b\right)\le3\left(a^3+b^3\right)\Rightarrow a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
Áp dụng, ta được: \(P=\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}+\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+1}+\frac{1}{z^3+x^3+1}\le\frac{1}{xy\left(x+y\right)+1}+\frac{1}{yz\left(y+z\right)+1}+\frac{1}{zx\left(z+x\right)+1}\)\(=\frac{z}{x+y+z}+\frac{x}{x+y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y+z}=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1 hay a = b = c = 1