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\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2b\left(a+b\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2c\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2a\left(a+c\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{2b+a+b}+\dfrac{2b}{2c+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{2a+a+c}\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{a+3b}+\dfrac{b}{b+3c}+\dfrac{c}{c+3a}\right)=2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+3ab}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+3bc}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+3ca}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\) (đpcm)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{ab+b^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}.a}{\sqrt{2b\left(a+b\right)}}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{2}.a}{\dfrac{2b+a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}a}{a+3b}\)
làm tương tự với \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{bc+c^2}};\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{ca+a^2}}\)
\(=>P\ge2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+3b}+\dfrac{b}{b+3c}+\dfrac{c}{c+3a}\right)\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right)\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}\left[\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+\dfrac{8}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right]\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}\left[\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\right]=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}.3}{4}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>a=b=c
\(L.H.S=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2}{b}=\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{a^2}{b}-a+b\right)=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{b}\)
\(=\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{b}+b\right)-\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\ge2\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}-\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2}-\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}-\left(a+b+c\right)=\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}=R.H.S\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
1) \(\Sigma\frac{a}{b^3+ab}=\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{b}-\frac{b}{a+b^2}\right)\ge\Sigma\frac{1}{a}-\Sigma\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}=\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}}+1\right)+\Sigma\frac{3}{2\sqrt{a}}-3\)
\(\ge\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}-1\right)^2+\frac{27}{2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}-3\ge\frac{27}{2\sqrt{3\left(a+b+c\right)}}-3=\frac{3}{2}\)
BĐT <=> (nhân cả 2 vế với căn 12)
\(\sqrt{\left(1+1+4\right)\left(2a^2+2ab+2b^2\right)}+...\ge\sqrt{3.2.\left(1+1+4\right)}=6\)
có : 2a^2 +2ab + 2b^2 = a^2 + (a+b)^2 + b^2
=> (a^2 + (a+b)^2 + b^2)(1+4+1) ≥ (a+2a+2b+b)^2 ( theo bđt cauchy-schwarz 2 bộ số)
=> căn[(a^2 + (a+b)^2 + b^2)(1+4+1)] ≥ 3a+3b
CMTT với 2 cái căn còn lại
=> VT ≥ 6(a+b+c) = 6 = VP (đpcm)
dấu bằng a=b=c=1/3
Bạn tham khảo:
Câu hỏi của Nguyễn Bảo Trân - Toán lớp 9 | Học trực tuyến
2a)với a,b,c là các số thực ta có
\(a^2-ab+b^2=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{1}{2}\left|a+b\right|\)
tương tự \(\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left|b+c\right|\)
tương tự \(\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left|a+c\right|\)
cộng từng vế mỗi BĐT ta được \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=a+b+c\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c
Áp dụng bđt Holder, ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}}\right).\left(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}}\right)\left[a^2b^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+b^2c^2\left(b^2+c^2\right)+c^2a^2\left(c^2+a^2\right)\right]\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^3=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}{8}\)
=>\(VT^2\ge\frac{1}{8}.\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}{a^2b^4+a^4b^2+b^2c^4+b^4c^2+c^2a^4+c^4a^2}\)
Đặt a2=x, b2=y, c2=z
=>\(VT^2\ge\frac{1}{8}.\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2}\)(1)
Theo bđt Schur, ta có:
\(x\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)+y\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)+z\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\ge0\)
<=>\(x^3+y^3+z^3+3xyz\ge x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\)
<=>\(x^3+y^3+z^3+6xyz+3\left(x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\right)\ge4.\left(x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\right)+3xyz\)
Vì \(xyz=\left(abc\right)^2\ge0\)
=>\(\left(x+y+z\right)^3\ge4\left(x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\right)\)
=>\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2}\ge4\)
Thay vào (1)=>\(VT^2\ge\frac{1}{2}=>VT\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
=>ĐPCM
a,b,c>=0 mới được nhé
Đặt biểu thức là A
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}{a^2+b^2}>=\frac{\sqrt{2abab}}{a^2}=\frac{\sqrt{2}ab}{a^2+b^2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi có một trong 2 số a,b =0 hoặc a=b.
Tương tự=> A>=\(\frac{\sqrt{2}ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}ca}{a^2+c^2}\)
\(\sqrt{2}A>=\frac{2ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{2bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{2ca}{c^2+a^2}\)
\(\sqrt{2}A+3>=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{c^2+a^2}.\)
>=\(\frac{\left(2a+2b+2c\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=4.\)
=>A>=1/căn 2
Dấu = xảy ra khi 2 số bằng nhau, một số =0
Với \(a,b,c\ge0\). Khi đó ta có
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Chứng minh: \(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2+abc\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ac}\)
Với \(a,b,c\ge0\) ta có
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\ge1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có:
\(\Sigma\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}=\Sigma\sqrt{\frac{ab\left(2ab+2bc+2ac\right)^2}{4\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}}\)
\(\ge\Sigma\sqrt{\frac{ab\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)\right]^2}{4\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2}}\)
\(\ge\Sigma\sqrt{\frac{ab.4a\left(b+c\right)b\left(a+c\right)}{4\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}}=\Sigma\frac{ab}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Từ đó ta có \(\Sigma\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\frac{ab+bc+ca}{ab+bc+ca}=1\)
chứng minh bài toán:
Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ac}}=t\ge1\)
Ta có: \(\left(\Sigma\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}\right)^2=\Sigma\frac{a}{b+c}+2\Sigma\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ac}+2=t^2+2\)
Từ đây ta chứng minh \(\sqrt{t^2+2}+\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{t}\ge\frac{7\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(\sqrt{t^2+2}+\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{t}=\frac{\sqrt{\left(t^2+2\right)\left(6+2\right)}}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{t}\ge\frac{t\sqrt{6}+2}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{t}=\left(\frac{t\sqrt{3}}{2}+\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{t}\right)+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta đc:
\(\left(\frac{t\sqrt{3}}{2}+\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{t}\right)+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\ge3\sqrt{2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=\frac{7\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
Vậy ta có đpcm
\(\text{Ta có }:\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{z^2+t^2}\right)^2\\ =x^2+y^2+2\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(z^2+t^2\right)}+z^2+t^2\)
Áp dụng định lí bu-nhi-a-cốp-xki:
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(z^2+t^2\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\left(xz+yt\right)^2}=2xz+2yt\\ \Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{z^2+t^2}\right)^2\\ \ge x^2+y^2+2xz+2yt+z^2+t^2\\ =x^2+2xz+z^2+y^2+2yt+t^2\\ =\left(x+z\right)^2+\left(y+t\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{z^2+t^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)^2+\left(y+t\right)^2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{y}=\frac{z}{t}\)
Áp dụng BDT trên
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+b^2-\sqrt{3}ab}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2-bc}\\ =\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}a^2-\sqrt{3}ab+b^2+\frac{1}{4}a^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+\frac{1}{4}c^2+\frac{3}{4}c^2}\\ =\sqrt{\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a-b\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}a^2}+\sqrt{\left(b-\frac{1}{2}c\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}c^2}\\ \ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a-b+b-\frac{1}{2}c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}a+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c\right)^2}\\ =\sqrt{\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a-\frac{1}{2}c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}a+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c\right)^2}\\ =\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}a^2-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}ac+\frac{1}{4}c^2+\frac{1}{4}a^2+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}ac+\frac{3}{4}c^2}\\ \\ =\sqrt{a^2+c^2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a-b}{\frac{1}{2}a}=\frac{b-\frac{1}{2}c}{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{3}a-2b}{a}=\frac{2b-c}{\sqrt{3}c}\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3}c\left(\sqrt{3}a-2b\right)=a\left(2b-c\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow3ac-2\sqrt{3}bc=2ab-ac\\ \Leftrightarrow4ac-2\sqrt{3}bc-2ab=0\)