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1. Cho các số tự nhiên a,b,c thỏa mãn a2+b2+c2=ab+bc+ca và a+b+c=3. Tính M=a2016+2015b2015+2020c
a2+b2+c2=ab+bc+ca
<=> 2( a2+b2+c2 ) =2( ab+bc+ca )
<=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 = 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
<=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca = 0
<=> ( a2 - 2ab + b2 ) + ( b2 - 2bc + c2 ) + ( c2 - 2ca + a2 ) = 0
<=> ( a - b )2 + ( b - c )2 + ( c - a )2 = 0
Dễ chứng minh VT ≥ 0 ∀ a,b,c. Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c
Lại có a+b+c=3 => a=b=c=1
từ đây bạn thế vào tính M nhé :))
2.Cho x>y>0. Chứng minh \(\frac{x-y}{x+y}< \frac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+y^2}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+y^2}>\frac{x-y}{x+y}\)
<=> \(\frac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+y^2}-\frac{x-y}{x+y}>0\)
<=> \(\frac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}-\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}>0\)
<=> \(\frac{x^3+x^2y-xy^2-y^3}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}-\frac{x^3-x^2y+xy^2-y^3}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}>0\)
<=> \(\frac{x^3+x^2y-xy^2-y^3-x^3+x^2y-xy^2+y^3}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}>0\)
<=> \(\frac{2x^2y-2xy^2}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}>0\)
<=> \(\frac{2xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}>0\)( đúng vì x > y > 0 )
=> đpcm
Ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
Ta lại có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Thế vào N ta được
\(N=\frac{a^{2015}+b^{2015}+c^{2015}}{\left(a+b+c\right)^{2015}}=\frac{3a^{2015}}{3^{2015}.a^{2015}}=\frac{1}{a^{2014}}\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\right)-\left(2ab+2bc+2ca\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\)\(\Rightarrow a-b=b-c=c-a=0\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(a-b\right)^{2015}+\left(b-c\right)^{2016}+\left(c-a\right)^{2017}=0\)
Đặt \(P=a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 2 :
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
<=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 3ab + 3bc + 3ca
<=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = ab + bc + ca
<=> 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 = 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
<=> ( a - b )^2 + ( b - c )^2 + ( c - a )^2 = 0
<=> a = b = c
1.
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+18=2ab+6a+6b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-6a+9\right)+\left(b^2-6b+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-3\right)^2+\left(b-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\a-3=0\\b-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=3\)
2.
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3ab+3bc+3ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
