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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{117,6.25\%}{98}=0,3\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\DungdịchB:MgSO_4;H_2SO_4dư\\ m_{ddsaupu}=4,8+117,6-0,2.2=122\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4dư}=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{H_2SO_4dư}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{122}.100=8,03\%\\ C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.120}{122}.100=19,67\% \)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\
V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\\
m_{\text{dd}}=6,5+200-\left(0,1.2\right)=206,3g\)
bài 2 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6g\\
V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\\
m\text{dd}=4,8+200-0,4=204,4g\\
C\%=\dfrac{0,2.136}{204,4}.100\%=13,3\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{117,6.25\%}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 --> MgSO4 + H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) => Mg hết, H2SO4 dư
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 --> MgSO4 + H2
0,2--->0,2------>0,2---->0,2
=> VH2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)
b) mdd sau pư = 4,8 + 117,6 - 0,2.2 = 122 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.120}{122}.100\%=19,67\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4.dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,3-0,2\right).98}{122}.100\%=8,03\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) PTHH: \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,2\cdot95=19\left(g\right)\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{200}\cdot100\%=7,3\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{MgO}+m_{ddHCl}=208\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{19}{208}\cdot100\%\approx9,13\%\)
c) PTHH: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200\cdot4\%}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) NaOH p/ứ hết, MgCl2 còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,2\cdot58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}=9,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\cdot58=5,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{ddA}+m_{ddNaOH}-m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=402,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{11,7}{402,2}\cdot100\%\approx2,91\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{9,5}{402,2}\cdot100\%\approx2,36\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo gt ta có: $n_{MgO}=0,2(mol)$
a, $MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O$
b, Ta có: $n_{HCl}=0,4(mol)\Rightarrow x=7,3$
Bảo toàn khối lượng ta có: $m_{ddA}=208(g)$
$\Rightarrow \%C_{MgCl_2}=9,13\%$
c, Ta có: $n_{NaOH}=0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{Mg(OH)_2}=0,1(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng ta có: $m_{ddB}=208+200-0,1.58=402,2(g)$
$\Rightarrow \%C_{MgCl_2}=2,36\%$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Mg + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) MgCl2 + H2
nMg = 4,8/24 = 0,2(mol)
mHCl = \(\dfrac{m_{dd}.C\%}{100\%}=\dfrac{36,5.20\%}{100\%}=7,3\left(g\right)\)
=> nHCl = 7,3/36,5 =0,2(mol)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{n_{Mg\left(ĐB\right)}}{n_{Mg\left(PT\right)}}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\) > \(\dfrac{n_{HCl\left(ĐB\right)}}{n_{HCl\left(PT\right)}}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\)
=> Sau phản ứng : Mg dư , HCl hết
=> dd thu được là dd MgCl2
Theo PT => nH2 = 1/2 . nHCl = 1/2 . 0,2 = 0,1(mol)
=> mH2 = 0,1 . 2 = 0,2 (g)
Theo ĐLBTKL : mdd sau pứ = mMg + mdd HCl - mH2 =4,8+ 36,5 - 0,2 =41,1(g)
Theo PT => nMgCl2 = 1/2 . nHCl = 1/2 . 0,2 =0,1(mol)
=> mMgCl2 = 0,1 . 95 = 9,5(g)
=> C%dd thu được = 9,5/41,1 . 100% =23,11%
\(Mg+2HCl(0,2)--->MgCl_2(0,1)+H_2(0,1)\)
\(nMg=0,2(mol)\)
\(mHCl=\dfrac{20.36,5}{100}=7,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow nHCl=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
So sánh \(\dfrac{nMg}{1}=0,2>\dfrac{nHCl}{2}=0,1\)
=> Mg còn dư, chọn nHCl để tính
Theo PTHH: \(nMgCl_2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow mMgCl_2=9,5\left(g\right)\)
\(nH_2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow mH_2=0,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m dd sau =4,8+36,5-0,2=41,1(g)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{41,1}.100\%=23,11\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
* Nếu trong TN2, kim loại không tan hết
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
=> nHCl = 0,04 (mol)
- Xét TN1:
- Nếu kim loại tan hết
\(n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{3,1}{127}=\dfrac{31}{1270}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
\(\dfrac{31}{1270}\)<-\(\dfrac{31}{635}\)<----\(\dfrac{31}{1270}\)
Vô lí do \(\dfrac{31}{635}>0,04\)
=> Fe dư
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,02<-0,04---->0,02
=> \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,02.127=2,54\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=3,1-2,54=0,56\left(g\right)\)
=> \(a=0,56+0,02.56=1,68\left(g\right)\)
- Xét TN2:
Theo ĐLBTKL: a + b + 0,04.36,5 = 3,34 + 0,02.2
=> a + b = = 1,92 (g)
=> b = 0,24 (g)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,24}{24}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
0,01-------------->0,01-->0,01
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,01<-------------0,01<--0,01
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,01.95=0,95\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,01.127=1,27\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
* Nếu trong TH2, kim loại tan hết
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
x----------------->x------>x
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
y----------------->y---->y
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95x+127y=3,34\\x+y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-0,025\\y=0,045\end{matrix}\right.\) (vô lí)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: nMg = 4,8 : 24 = 0,2 mol
a)PTHH:
Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Theo tỉ lệ phản ứng => nH2SO4 phản ứng = nMgSO4 = nH2 = 0,2 mol
=> VH2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 lít.
Bài 38 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=1,176.250=294\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{294.10}{100}=29,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2|\)
1 1 1 1
0,2 0,3 0,2 0,2
a) Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\)
⇒ Mg phản ứng hết , H2SO4 dư
⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của Mg
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{MgSO4}=0,2.120=24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
Sau phản ứng :
\(m_{dd}=4,8+294-\left(0,2.2\right)=298,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{24.100}{298,4}=8,04\)0/0
\(C_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{9,8.100}{298,4}=3,28\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
`Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl_2 + H_2↑`
`0,2` `0,2` `0,2` `(mol)`
`n_[Mg] = [ 4,8 ] / 24 = 0,2 (mol)`
`-> C%_[MgCl_2] = [ 0,2 . 95 ] / [ 4,8 + 200 - 0,2 . 2 ] . 100 ~~ 9,3 %`
Mg+2HCl->Mgcl2+H2
0,2-----------------0,2
n Mg=0,2 mol
=>C%=\(\dfrac{0,2.95}{4,8+200-0,2.2}100=9,29\%\)