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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,15 ------------------------> 0,15
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,27 : 0,36 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4 (oxit sắt từ)
mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,2 0,3
Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
0,15 0,15
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol)
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L)
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol)
áp dụng BLBTKL ta có :
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O
=> moxit sắt = 20,7 (g)
a)
\(Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2FeCl_3 + 3H_2\)
Theo PTHH : \(n_{Zn} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3} = \dfrac{35,5-0,3.65}{160} = 0,1\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl} = 2n_{Zn} + 6n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,3.2 + 0,1.6 = 1,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl} = 1,2.36,5 = 43,8(gam)\)
b)
\(CuO + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + H_2O\\ Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3H_2O\)
Gọi \(n_{CuO} = a;n_{Fe_2O_3} = b\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80a+160b=19,6\\a+3b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,135\\b=0,055\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=0,135\\n_{Fe}=0,055.2=0,11\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=0,135.64=8,64\left(gam\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,11.56=6,16\left(gam\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
ta có n Mg=nZn
=>n H2=0,2 mol
->n Zn=n Mg=0,1 mol
=>m Mg=0,1.24=2,4g
=>B
Gọi số mol FeO, Fe2O3 trong mỗi phần là a, b (mol)
=> 72a + 160b = 39,2
P1:
PTHH: FeO + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2O
a---------------->a
Fe2O3 + 3HCl --> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
b-------------------->2b
=> 127a + 325b = 77,7
=> a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,2 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{77,7}.100\%=16,345\%\\\%m_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,4.162,5}{77,7}.100\%=83,655\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
P2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}FeO:0,1\left(mol\right)\\Fe_2O_3:0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Muối khan gồm \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Fe^{3+}:0,4\left(mol\right)\\Fe^{2+}:0,1\left(mol\right)\\Cl^-:x\left(mol\right)\\SO_4^{2-}:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn điện tích => x + 2y = 1,4
mmuối = (0,4 + 0,1).56 + 35,5x + 96y = 83,95
=> 35,5x + 96y = 55,95
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,9\\y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,9}{0,5}=1,8M\\C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,5}=0,5M\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a,m_{P1}=m_{P2}=\dfrac{78,4}{2}=39,2\left(g\right)\\ Đặt:n_{FeO\left(tổng\right)}=2a\left(mol\right);n_{Fe_2O_3\left(tổng\right)}=2b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ -Xét.phần.1:\\ PTHH:FeO+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2O\\ Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}72a+160b=39,2\\127a+162,5.2.b=77,7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{FeO}=\dfrac{0,1.72}{0,1.72+0,2.160}.100\approx18,367\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Fe_2O_3}\approx81,633\%\\ \)
\(b,-Xét.phần.2:m_{muối}=m_{Fe}+m_{Cl^-}+m_{SO^{2-}_4}\left(1\right)\\ Đặt:r=n_{HCl}\left(mol\right);s=n_{H_2SO_4}\left(mol\right)\left(r,s>0\right)\\ \left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow56.\left(0,1+0,2.2\right)+35,5r+96s=83,95\\ \Leftrightarrow35,5r+96s=55,95\left(2\right)\\ Mặt.khác,BTĐT:n_{Cl^-}+2.n_{SO^{2-}_4}=2.n_{Fe^{2+}}+3.n_{Fe^{3+}}\\ \Leftrightarrow r+2s=2.0,1+3.0,2.2\\ \Leftrightarrow r+s=1,4\left(3\right)\\ \left(2\right),\left(3\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}r+2s=1,4\\35,5r+96s=55,95\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}r=0,9\\s=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{r}{0,5}=\dfrac{0,9}{0,5}=1,8\left(M\right)\\ C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{s}{0,5}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,5}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
a)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2--->0,4---->0,2--->0,2
\(V_2=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(V_1=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}=0,8\left(l\right)\)
b)
\(C_{M\left(ZnCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,8}=0,25M\)
c)
\(n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => CuO dư, H2 hết
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
0,1<--0,1------>0,1
=> m = 32 - 0,1.80 + 0,1.64 = 30,4 (g)
Gọi số mol của Cu, Fe, Al trong 23,8 gam hhX lần lượt là x, y, z mol
→ mX = 64x + 56y + 27z = 23,8 (1)
nCl2nCl2 = x + 1,5y + 1,5z = 0,65 (2)
0,25 mol X + HCl → 0,2 mol H2 nên 0,2.(x + y + z) = 0,25.(y + 1,5z) (3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) => x = 0,2 mol; y = 0,1 mol; z = 0,2 mol
%Cu=0,2.6423,8≈53,78%%Cu=0,2.6423,8≈53,78%
%Fe=0,1.5623,8≈23,53%%Fe=0,1.5623,8≈23,53%
%Al ≈ 22,69%
