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\(n_{SO_2}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn e :
\(n_{Cu}=n_{SO_2}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Cu}=0.2\cdot64=12.8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}+m_{Al}=24x+27y=33.2-12.8=20.4\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=x+1.5y=1\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):x=y=0.4\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.4\cdot24=9.6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=10.8\left(g\right)\)
=> C
a, \(Fe+H_2SO_{4\text{loãng}}\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_{4\text{đặc}}\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+SO_2+H_2O\)
\(Cu+H_2SO_{4\text{đặc}}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2+H_2O\)
Bảo toàn e:
\(2n_{Cu}+3n_{Fe}=2n_{SO_2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{Cu}=\dfrac{2n_{SO_2}-3n_{Fe}}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=m_{Cu}+m_{Fe}=0,25.64+0,5.56=44\left(g\right)\)
a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)=b=n_{Fe}\\n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=2\) \(\Rightarrow2a+3\cdot0,5=2\) \(\Rightarrow a=n_{Cu}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=m_{Cu}+m_{Fe}=0,25\cdot64+0,5\cdot56=44\left(g\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(p/ư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{e\left(traođổi\right)}+n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot2+1=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4\left(đặc\right)}=2\cdot110\%=2,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{2,2\cdot98}{98\%}=220\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{220}{1,84}\approx119,57\left(ml\right)\)
c) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{SO_2}=1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,4\cdot1,5=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(2SO_2+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba\left(HSO_3\right)_2\)
2x x x (mol)
\(SO_2+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaSO_3\downarrow+H_2O\)
y y (mol)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,6\\2x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=n_{Ba\left(HSO_3\right)_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Ba\left(HSO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1\left(M\right)\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + H2
0,2<---------------------------0,2
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=16-11,2=4,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{32}{16}.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=\dfrac{4,8}{64}.\dfrac{32}{16}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Cu + 2H2SO4 (đặc, nóng) ---> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,15--------------------------------------------->0,15
2Fe + 6H2SO4 (đặc, nóng) ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
0,4------------------------------------------------------>0,6
=> VSO2 = (0,6 + 0,15).22,4 = 16,8 (l)
c, \(n_{NaOH}=0,375.2=0,75\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0,75}{0,6+0,15}=1\) => tạo duy nhất muối axit (NaHSO3)
PTHH: NaOH + SO2 ---> NaHSO3
0,75----------------->0,75
=> mmuối = 0,75.104 = 78 (g)
\(n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=64a+56b=16.2\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{8.96}{22.4}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn e :
\(2a+3b=0.4\cdot2=0.8\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.0475,b=0.235\)
\(\%Cu=\dfrac{0.0475\cdot64}{16.2}\cdot100\%=18.76\%\)
\(\%Fe=81.24\%\)
\(b.\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{0.0475}{0.235}=\dfrac{19}{94}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=19x\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=94x\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=19x\cdot64+94x\cdot56=22\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{11}{3240}\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11}{3240}\cdot94=\dfrac{517}{1620}\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=7.15\left(l\right)\)
a)
Gọi số mol Mg, Na2CO3 là a,b (mol)
=> 24a + 106.b = 13 (1)
\(n_{H_2}+n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{33,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 --> MgSO4 + H2
______a------>a------------>a------->a________(mol)
Na2CO3 + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
__b---------->b----------->b------>b______________(mol)
=> a + b = 0,2 (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{0,1.24}{13}100\%=18,46\%\\\%Na_2CO_3=100\%-18,46\%=81,54\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
PTHH: \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4->BaSO_4\downarrow+2H_2O\)
_________________k------------>k_______________(mol)
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+MgSO_4->BaSO_4\downarrow+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
____________0,1---------->0,1---------->0,1_________(mol)
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4->BaSO_4\downarrow+2NaOH\)
____________0,1-------->0,1____________________(mol)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)
_0,1---------->0,1______________________________(mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaSO_4}=k+0,2\\n_{MgO}=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(233.\left(k+0,2\right)+40.0,1=62,25\)
=> k = 0,05 (mol)
=> nH2SO4 = 0,1 + 0,1 + 0,05 = 0,25 (mol)
=> \(V_{dd}=\dfrac{0,25}{1}=0,25\left(l\right)=250ml\)
Đáp án C.
Kim loại không phản ứng với H2SO4 loãng là Cu.
Gọi nCu = x, nMg = y, nAl = z
Ta có:
64x + 24y + 27z = 33,2 (1)
Bảo toàn e:
2nMg + 3nAl = 2nH2
=> 2y + 3z = 2.1 (2)
2nCu = 2nSO2 => x = 0.2 (mol) (3)
Từ 1, 2, 3 => x = 0,2; y = z = 0,4 (mol)
mCu = 0,2.64 = 12,8 (g)
mMg = 0,4.24 = 9,6 (g)
mAl = 10,8 (g)