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a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2M + 6HCl → 2MCl3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,02 0,06 0,02 0,03
\(M_M=\dfrac{0,54}{0,02}=27\left(g/mol\right)\)
⇒ M là nhôm (Al)
\(C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,06.36,5.100\%}{500}=0,438\%\)
c) mdd sau pứ = 0,54 + 500 - 0,03.2 = 500,48 (g)
\(C\%_{ddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,02.133,5.100\%}{500,48}=0,53\%\)
\(a,\) Đặt hóa trị của M là \(x(x>0)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03(mol)\\ PTHH:2M+2xHCl\to 2MCl_x+xH_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{M}=\dfrac{0,03}{x}.2=\dfrac{0,06}{x}(mol)\\ \Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{0,72}{\dfrac{0,06}{x}}=12x\)
Thay \(x=2\Rightarrow M_M=24(g/mol)\)
Vậy M là magie (Mg)
\(b,n_{HCl}=0,5.0,2=0,1(mol)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}>\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{1}\) nên \(HCl\) dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,03(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,2}=0,15M\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: M + 2H2O → M(OH)2 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(\Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{4}{0,1}=40\left(g/mol\right)\)
⇒ M là canxi (Ca)
\(C\%_{ddCa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,1.74.100\%}{500}=1,48\%\)
b) \(m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=200.1,48=2,96\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{2,96}{74}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + 2H2O
Mol: 0,04 0,08
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,08}{2}=0,04\left(l\right)=40\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13.44}{22.4}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(2R+2nHCl\rightarrow2RCl_n+nH_2\)
\(\dfrac{1.2}{n}......1.2...............0.6\)
\(M_R=\dfrac{14.4}{\dfrac{1.2}{n}}=12n\)
\(BL:n=2\Rightarrow R=24\)
\(R:Mg\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0.6\cdot95=57\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=14.4+146-0.6\cdot2=159.2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{57}{159.2}\cdot100\%=35.8\%\)
a/ PTHH: R + 2HCl ===> RCl2 + H2
nH2 = 2,688 / 22,4 = 0,12 (mol)
nR = nH2 = 0,12 mol
=> MR = 6,72 / 0,12 = 56 (g/mol)
=> R là Fe
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(R+2HCl\rightarrow RCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.1........0.2................0.1\)
\(M_R=\dfrac{13.7}{0.1}=137\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(R:Ba\)
\(200\left(ml\right)=0.2\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.2}{0.2}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(PTHH:2R+2nHCl\rightarrow2RCl_n+nH_2\)
\(\left(mol\right)\) \(\dfrac{0,72}{R}\) \(\dfrac{0,72n}{R}\) \(\dfrac{0,72}{R}\) \(\dfrac{0,36n}{R}\)
\(a.\)Theo đề bài ta có:
\(0,72+120-\dfrac{0,36n}{R}.2=120,66\Leftrightarrow R=12n\)
Biện luận: \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n=2\\R=24\left(Mg:Magie\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b.\) Khi đó: \(n_{HCl}=0,06\left(mol\right)\rightarrow a=\dfrac{0,06.36,5}{120}.100\%=1.825\left(\%\right)\)
\(c.C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,03.95}{120,66}.100\%=2,362\left(\%\right)\)
$m_{H_2} = 0,72 + 120 -120,66 = 0,06(gam)$
$n_{H_2} = 0,03(mol)$
Gọi n là hóa trị của R
$2R + 2nHCl \to 2RCl_n + nH_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_R = \dfrac{2}{n}n_{H_2} = \dfrac{0,06}{n}(mol)$
Suy ra: $\dfrac{0,06}{n}.R = 0,72 \Rightarrow R = 12n$
Với n = 2 thì R = 24(Magie)
b)
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,06(mol)$
$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,06.36,5}{120}.100\% = 1,825\%$
(a = 1,825)
c)
$C\%_{MgCl_2} = \dfrac{0,03.95}{120,66}.100\% = 2,36\%$