Cho 3 số dương a,b,c . Chứng minh √a/b+c+√b/c+a+√c/a+b >2
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Cho a, b, c là số nguyên dương , S = a/b+c + b/a+c + c/a+b
Chứng minh S không là số nguyên dương
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Có: \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+3\ge4\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{a}{b}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+1\right)\ge\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{4c}{c+a}\)
<=> \(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{c+a}{a}\ge\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{4c}{c+a}\)
<=> \(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{c+a}{a}+\frac{4b}{a+b}+\frac{4c}{b+c}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\)
\(\ge\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{4c}{c+a}+\frac{4b}{a+b}+\frac{4c}{b+c}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{4b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{4c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{c+a}{a}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{4b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{4c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{4c}{c+a}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\right)\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{4b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{4c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{c+a}{a}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\right)\ge4+4+4\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{4b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{4c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{c+a}{a}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\right)\ge12\)(1)
Áp dụng Cô-si: (1) đúng.
Vậy Bất đẳng thức ban đầu đúng.
"=" <=> a = b = c.
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+3\ge4\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+1\right)\ge4\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{b}-\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{c}-\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{a}-\frac{4c}{c+a}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{b\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{c\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{a\left(a+c\right)}\ge0\)
Luôn đúng vì a,b,c là các số dương
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 1:
Ta có: \(\frac{ab}{a+b}=ab.\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)=\frac{b}{4}+\frac{a}{4}\)
Tương tự các BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế ta có d9pcm.
Bài 2: 2 bài đều dùng Svac cả!
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bớt 6 ở hai vế BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\frac{\left(8c-a-b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b-2c\right)^2}{4abc}\le\frac{\left(7a+7b-2c\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a+b+2c\right)\left(a+b-2c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(a-b\right)^2\left[\frac{7a+7b-2c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}-\frac{8c-a-b}{2abc}\right]+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b-2c\right)^2\left[\frac{a+b+2c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}-\frac{a+b}{2abc}\right]\ge0\)
Tới phần khó chừa lại cho bạn:V
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{a+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b+ac}{c+a}+\frac{c+ab}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}{a+c}+\frac{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{a+b}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cô Si: \(\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
Tương tự,cộng theo vế và rút gọn =>đpcm
\(\frac{a+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b+ac}{c+a}+\frac{c+ab}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}{a+c}+\frac{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{a+b}\)
Áp dụng bđt CÔ si
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
.............
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^3+b^3\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3+3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow[\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab-ac-bc-3ab\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\left(1\right)\\a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1) => a = b = c (vì a ; b ; c là các số dương)
Giải (2) ta có:
\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\forall a,b\)
\(\left(a-c\right)^2\ge\forall a,c\)
\(\left(b-c\right)^2\ge\forall b,c\)
\(\Rightarrow\)Ta có: \(a-b=a-c=b-c\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=m^2+n^2+p^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+m^2+n^2+p^2=2\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)\)
Vì \(2\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)⋮2\)\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+m^2+n^2+p^2⋮2\)(1)
Vì tích hai số tự nhiên liên tiếp chia hết cho 2 nên:
\(a\left(a-1\right)+b\left(b-1\right)+c\left(c-1\right)+m\left(m-1\right)\)
\(+n\left(n-1\right)+p\left(p-1\right)\)là số chẵn
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+m^2+n^2+p^2\right)-\left(a+b+c+m+n+p\right)⋮2\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra a + b + c + m + n + p chia hết cho 2
Mà a + b + c + m + n + p > 2 ( do a,b,c,m,n,p dương) nên a + b + c + m + n + p là hợp số (đpcm)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{a^2}{b}-a+b+b=\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{b}+b\ge2\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}=\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}=\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\frac{a+b}{2}\)
chứng minh tương tự ta được
\(\frac{b^2}{c}-b+c+c\ge\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\frac{b+c}{2},\frac{c^2}{a}-c+a+a\ge\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}+\frac{a+c}{2}\)
cộng vế với vế ta được
\(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}+a+b+c\ge\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}+a+b+c\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Giả sử
\(a< b< c< 671\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c< 671.3\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c< 2013\)
Đặt \(d=a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow d< 2013\)
=> \(d\in\) dãy đã cho
=> đpcm