Tinh:
a)\(\sqrt{\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}}.\sqrt{\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}}\)
b)\(\sqrt{4+\sqrt{15}}-\sqrt{4-\sqrt{15}}\)
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1.
Đặt biểu thức là $A$
Ta thấy:
$\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{(1+\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{2}-1)}=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2-1}=\sqrt{2}-1$
Tương tự với các phân số còn lại và công theo vế thì:
$A=(\sqrt{2}-1)+(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+...+(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018})$
$=\sqrt{2019}-1$
2.
$\sqrt{8-2\sqrt{15}}=\sqrt{5-2\sqrt{5.3}+3}+\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{3.1}+1}$
$=\sqrt{(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3})^2}+\sqrt{(\sqrt{3}-1)^2}$
$=|\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}|+|\sqrt{3}-1|$
$=\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}-1=\sqrt{5}-1$
a/ Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}=\sqrt{2019}-1\)
a.\(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}}{\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)}=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}=\sqrt{2019}-1\)
1)
DKCĐ: a>0,\(a\ne1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+a}}{\sqrt{1+a}-\sqrt{1-a}}+\dfrac{1-a}{\sqrt{1-a^2}-1+a}\right)\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}}{a}-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+a}}{\sqrt{1+a}-\sqrt{1-a}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{1-a}}{\sqrt{1+a}-\sqrt{1-a}}\right)\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\right)\)\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{1+a}+\sqrt{1-a}}{\sqrt{1+a}-\sqrt{1-a}}.\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\\ =\dfrac{1+a+1-a+2\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}}{\left(1+a\right)-\left(1-a\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\)\(=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}+1\right)}{2a}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}+1}{a}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\\ =\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}-1\right)}{a^2}\\ =\dfrac{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)-1}{a^2}\\ =\dfrac{1-a^2-1}{a^2}\\ =\dfrac{-a^2}{a^2}\\ =-1\)
\(\frac{2019}{\sqrt{2018}}+\frac{2018}{\sqrt{2019}}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)^2}{\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}}=\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}\)
Dấu "=" ko xảy ra nên \(\frac{2019}{\sqrt{2018}}+\frac{2018}{\sqrt{2019}}>\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}\)
\(x\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+y\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)=2019\sqrt{2019}+2018\sqrt{2018}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+y\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)=2018\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+\sqrt{2019}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y.\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)^2=2018+\sqrt{2019}\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y\left(4037-2\sqrt{2019.2018}\right)=4037-\sqrt{2019.2018}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+4037.y-4037=2y\sqrt{2019.2018}-\sqrt{2019.2018}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+4037y-4037=\left(2y-1\right).\sqrt{2019.2018}\)(1)
Do \(x;y\) hữu tỉ \(\Rightarrow x+4037y-4037\) và \(2y-1\) đều là số hữu tỉ
Mà \(\sqrt{2019.2018}\) là số vô tỉ
\(\Rightarrow\)đẳng thức (1) xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y-1=0\\x+4037y-4037=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{4037}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a,
\(\sqrt{\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}}\cdot\sqrt{\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}}\\ =\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)}\\ =\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2019}\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{2018}\right)^2}\\ =\sqrt{2019-2018}=\sqrt{1}=1\)
b, Gọi BT cần tìm là A
Ta có:
\(A^2=4+\sqrt{15}+4-\sqrt{15}-2\sqrt{\left(4+\sqrt{15}\right)\left(4-\sqrt{15}\right)}\\ =8-2\sqrt{4^2-\left(\sqrt{15}\right)^2}\\ =8-2\sqrt{16-15}=8-2\cdot1=8-2=6\)
Suy ra \(A=\sqrt{6}\).
Chúc bạn học tốt nha
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