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Ta xét hiệu :
\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\right)\)
\(=a-b+b-c+c-a=0\)
Do đó : \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}=1006\)
Khi đó \(M=2\cdot1006=2012\)
từ giả thiết ta có
\(\frac{1}{bc-a^2}=\frac{1}{b^2-ca}+\frac{1}{c^2-ab}=\frac{c^2-ab+b^2-ca}{\left(b^2-ca\right)\left(c^2-ab\right)}\)
Nhân hai vế với \(\frac{a}{bc-a^2}\) ta có:
\(\frac{a}{\left(bc-a^2\right)^2}=\frac{ac^2-a^2b+ab^2-ca^2}{\left(bc-a^2\right)\left(b^2-ca\right)\left(c^2-ab\right)}\)
làm tương tự với hai số hạng còn lại ta được:
\(\frac{b}{\left(ca-b^2\right)^2}=\frac{bc^2-ab^2+a^2b-b^2c}{\left(bc-a^2\right)\left(b^2-ca\right)\left(c^2-ab\right)}\);\(\frac{c}{\left(ab-c^2\right)^2}=\frac{b^2c-c^2a+a^2c-bc^2}{\left(bc-a^2\right)\left(b^2-ca\right)\left(c^2-ab\right)}\)
cộng ba vế của đẳng thức trên ta được kq là 0 
cách kia dài quá
Đặt \(x=bc-a^2;y=ac-b^2;z=ab-c^2\)
Suy ra cần chứng minh \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\) thì \(\frac{a}{x^2}+\frac{b}{y^2}+\frac{c}{z^2}=0\)
Xét \(T=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\left(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}\right)\).....
Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(a^2+bc+ca\right)\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab}{a^2+bc+ca}\le\dfrac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{bc}{b^2+ca+ab}\le\dfrac{bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(\dfrac{ca}{c^2+ab+bc}\le\dfrac{ca\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)+bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)+ca\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)+bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)+ca\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\le\dfrac{a^2+c^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)+bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)+ca\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Nhân phá và rút gọn 2 vế:
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3b+b^3c+c^3a\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3b+b^3c+c^3a}{abc}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a}+\dfrac{c^2}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
Đúng do: \(\dfrac{a^2}{c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a}+\dfrac{c^2}{b}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}=a+b+c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(M=\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
Đánh giá đại diện: \(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{1}{a-b}-\frac{1}{a-c}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{1}{b-c}-\frac{1}{b-a}\)
\(\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{1}{c-a}-\frac{1}{c-b}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{a-b}-\frac{1}{a-c}+\frac{1}{b-c}-\frac{1}{b-a}+\frac{1}{c-a}-\frac{1}{c-b}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=2\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right)=2N\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky, ta được: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab}{a^2+bc+ca}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a^2+bc+ca\right)\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}\le\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Ta có: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+2.a\sqrt{ab}.c\sqrt{ab}+2.a\sqrt{bc}.b\sqrt{bc}+2.c\sqrt{ca}.b\sqrt{ca}}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\le\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+a^3b+abc^2+a^2bc+b^3c+c^3a+ab^2c}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(a^2+bc+ca\right)\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{a^2+bc+ca}\le\frac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{bc}{b^2+ca+ab}\le\frac{bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\) ; \(\frac{ac}{c^2+ab+bc}\le\frac{ac\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(VT\le\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+2.a\sqrt{ab}.c\sqrt{ab}+2a\sqrt{bc}.b\sqrt{bc}+2c\sqrt{ac}.b\sqrt{ac}}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(VT\le\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+a^3b+abc^2+b^3c+a^2bc+ac^3+ab^2c}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(VT\le\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\frac{bc+a^2}{a+b}+\frac{ac+b^2}{b+c}+\frac{ab+c^2}{a+c}\ge\)a+b+c
<=>\(\frac{bc+a^2}{a+b}-a+\frac{ac+b^2}{b+c}-b+\frac{ab+c^2}{a+c}-c\ge0\)
<=>\(\frac{b\left(c-a\right)}{a+b}+\frac{c\left(a-b\right)}{b+c}+\frac{a\left(b-c\right)}{a+c}\ge0\)
<=>\(\frac{b\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)+\(\frac{c\left(a+c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)+\(\frac{a\left(a+b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
<=>\(\frac{b^2c^2-b^2a^2+bc^3-a^2bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)+\(\frac{a^3c-ab^2c+c^2a^2-b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)+\(\frac{a^2b^2-a^2c^2+ab^3-abc^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
<=>\(\frac{bc^3+a^3c+ab^3-a^2bc-ab^2c-abc^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
<=>\(\frac{2bc^3+2a^3c+2ab^3-2a^2bc-2ab^2c-2abc^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)>=0
<=>\(\frac{bc\left(c-a\right)^2+ac\left(a-b\right)^2+ab\left(b-c\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)(đung voi moi a,b,c >0)
Dấu ''='' xay ra khi a=b=c
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Ta có :a+b+c=0
a+b=-c
(a+b)2=(-c)2
a2+b2+2ab=c2
a2+b2-c2+2ab=0
\(\Rightarrow\)a2+b2-c2=-2ab (1)
Tương tự như trên , nên ta có :
b2+c2-a2=-2ab (2)
c2+b2-a2=-2cb (3)
Ta thay (1) , (2) và (3) , vào phân thức trên , ta có :
\(\frac{ab}{-2ab}+\frac{bc}{-2bc}+\frac{ca}{-2cb}\)
\(=-\frac{1}{2}+-\frac{1}{2}+-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=-\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có : \(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow a+b=-c\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=c^2\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+2ab=c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-c^2=-2ab\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2-c^2}=-\frac{1}{2}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2-a^2}=-\frac{1}{2};\frac{ac}{a^2+c^2-b^2}=-\frac{1}{2}\)
Cộng các vế với nhau được \(M=-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}=-\frac{3}{2}\)