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\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=9\Rightarrow-3\le a+b+c\le3\)
\(S=a+b+c+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+a+b+c-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đặt \(a+b+c=x\Rightarrow-3\le x\le3\)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2+x-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+1\right)^2-2\ge-2\)
\(S_{min}=-2\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=-1\\a^2+b^2+c^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\) (có vô số bộ a;b;c thỏa mãn)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+2x-15\right)+6=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-3\right)\left(x+5\right)+6\le6\)
\(S_{max}=6\) khi \(x=3\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(P\le a^2+b^2+c^2+3\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=12\)
\(P_{max}=12\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Lại có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3}\)
\(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}\le a+b+c\le3\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2}+3\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+3\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đặt \(a+b+c=x\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}\le x\le3\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2+3x-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x+6+\sqrt{3}\right)+3\sqrt{3}\ge3\sqrt{3}\)
\(P_{min}=3\sqrt{3}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{3}\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;\sqrt{3}\right)\) và hoán vị
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\) (BĐT Cauchy Schwarz)
\(=\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc}+\dfrac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(=\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\) .Thế vào biểu thức
\(\Rightarrow P\ge9+\dfrac{7}{\dfrac{1}{3}}=9+21=30\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=30\) khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: 2P=(a2+b2) + (b2+c2) + (c2+a2)
Theo Cauchy có:
\(2P\ge2ab+2bc+2ca=2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2.9\)
=> \(P\ge9\)=> Pmin = 9 đạt được khi x=y=\(\sqrt{3}\)
Hoặc:
P2= (a2+b2+c2)(b2+c2+a2)
Theo Bunhiacopxki có:
P2= (a2+b2+c2)(b2+c2+a2) \(\ge\)(ab+bc+ca)2=92
=> P\(\ge\)9 => Pmin=9
Vì \(a\ge1,b\ge1,c\ge1\)(gt) => \(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\)<=> ab -a -b + 1 \(\ge0\)(1)
\(\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\ge0\)<=> bc - b - c + 1 \(\ge0\)(2)
\(\left(c-1\right)\left(a-1\right)\ge0\)<=> ca -c - a + 1 \(\ge0\)(3)
Cộng từng vế của (1), (2) và (3) ta được:
ab + bc + ca -2(a +b +c) + 3 \(\ge0\)
=> \(a+b+c\le\frac{ab+bc+ca+3}{2}=\frac{9+3}{2}=6\)
Mà \(a\ge1,b\ge1,c\ge1\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)=> \(3\le a+b+c\le6\)=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le36\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le36\)
=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\le36-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=36-2\times9=18\)=> P \(\le18\)
Vậy GTLN của P là 18
Dâu "=" xảy ra khivà chỉ khi:
a =b=1, c=4
hoặc: b=c=1, a=4
hoặc: c=a=1, b=4
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 số dương ta có:
a 2 + b 2 ≥ 2 a b , b 2 + c 2 ≥ 2 b c , c 2 + a 2 ≥ 2 c a
Do đó: 2 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ≥ 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) = 2.9 = 18 ⇒ 2 P ≥ 18 ⇒ P ≥ 9
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a = b = c = 3 . Vậy MinP= 9 khi a = b = c = 3
Vì a , b , c ≥ 1 , nên ( a − 1 ) ( b − 1 ) ≥ 0 ⇔ a b − a − b + 1 ≥ 0 ⇔ a b + 1 ≥ a + b
Tương tự ta có b c + 1 ≥ b + c , c a + 1 ≥ c + a
Do đó a b + b c + c a + 3 ≥ 2 ( a + b + c ) ⇔ a + b + c ≤ 9 + 3 2 = 6
Mà P = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = a + b + c 2 − 2 a b + b c + c a = a + b + c 2 – 18
⇒ P ≤ 36 − 18 = 18 . Dấu bằng xảy ra khi : a = 4 ; b = c = 1 b = 4 ; a = c = 1 c = 4 ; a = b = 1
Vậy maxP= 18 khi : a = 4 ; b = c = 1 b = 4 ; a = c = 1 c = 4 ; a = b = 1
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(3-2a\right)\left(3-2b\right)\left(3-2c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge12\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-27\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{9}{a\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{3+abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)