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Đặt P = ...
* Chứng minh P > 1/2 :
\(P\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)^2}{n+1+n+2+n+3+...+n+n}\)
Từ \(n+1\) đến \(n+n\) có n số => tổng \(\left(n+1\right)+\left(n+2\right)+\left(n+3\right)+...+\left(n+n\right)\) là:
\(\frac{n\left(n+n+n+1\right)}{2}=\frac{n\left(3n+1\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P\ge\frac{n^2}{\frac{n\left(3n+1\right)}{2}}=\frac{2n}{3n+1}\)
Mà \(n>1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(4n>3n+1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{n}{3n+1}>\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P>\frac{1}{2}\)
* Chứng minh P < 3/4 :
Có: \(\frac{1}{n+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+1\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{n+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{n+3}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
...
\(\frac{1}{n+n}=\frac{1}{2n}=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+1+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(n.\frac{1}{n}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{2}{4}< \frac{3}{4}\) ( do n>1 )
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P< \frac{3}{4}\)
1. Đề thiếu
2. BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Ta có:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}.3abc\left(a+b+c\right)\) (đpcm)
3.
Ta có:
\(\left(a^6+b^6+1\right)\left(1+1+1\right)\ge\left(a^3+b^3+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(a^3+b^3+1+b^3+c^3+1+c^3+a^3+1\right)\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Lại có:
\(a^3+b^3+1\ge3ab\) ; \(b^3+c^3+1\ge3bc\) ; \(c^3+a^3+1\ge3ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{6}{\sqrt{3}}=3\sqrt{3}\)
4.
Ta có:
\(a^3+1+1\ge3a\) ; \(b^3+1+1\ge3b\) ; \(c^3+1+1\ge3c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+6\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
5.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}\) ; \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}\) ; \(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}\le\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(< \sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\right)=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow N< 2\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}\right)\)
\(N< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}\right)< 2.1=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+2}\le\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow\sum\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\sum\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\sqrt{\left(b^2+c^2\right)\left(c^2+a^2\right)}}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{9}{2}\) (1)
Mà \(\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge ac+b^2\)
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge a^2+bc\) ; \(\sqrt{\left(b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge ab+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) đúng nên ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(VT=\frac{n+1}{n+2}\left(\frac{1}{C^k_{n+1}}+\frac{1}{C^{k+1}_{n+1}}\right)=\frac{n+1}{n+2}.\frac{k!\left(n+1-k\right)!+\left(k+1\right)!\left(n-k\right)!}{\left(n+1\right)!}\)
\(=\frac{1}{n+2}.\frac{k!\left(n-k\right)!}{n!}\left[\left(n+1-k\right)+\left(k+1\right)\right]=\frac{k!\left(n-k\right)!}{n!}=\frac{1}{C^k_n}=VP\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đặt vế trái biểu thức là P
- Nếu một trong các số bằng 0 thì biểu thức vô nghĩa
- Nếu một trong các số bằng 1 thì vế trái lớn hơn 1 nên đẳng thức ko xảy ra
- Nếu tất cả các số đều lớn hơn 1, không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a_1< a_2< ...< a_n\)
\(\Rightarrow a_1\ge2;a_2\ge3;...;a_n\ge n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{1}{a_1^2}+\frac{1}{a_2^2}+...+\frac{1}{a_n^2}\le\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}=1-\frac{1}{n+1}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Không thể tồn tại đẳng thức \(P=1\)