\(Bài.1:\\ a,0,125.\left(-3,7\right).2^3=0,125.\left(-3.7\right).8\\ =\left(0,125.8\right).\left(-3,7\right)=1.\left(-3,7\right)=-3,7\\ b,\sqrt{36}.\sqrt{\dfrac{25}{16}}+\dfrac{1}{4}=6.\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{15}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{30}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{31}{4}\\ c,\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{81}}.\sqrt{\dfrac{25}{81}}-\dfrac{12}{5}\\ =\dfrac{2}{9}.\dfrac{5}{9}-\dfrac{12}{5}=\dfrac{10}{81}-\dfrac{12}{5}=\dfrac{10.5-12.81}{420}=-\dfrac{461}{210}\\ d,0,1.\sqrt{225}.\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}}=0,1.15.\dfrac{1}{2}=0,75\)

Bài 2:

\(a,\dfrac{1}{5}+x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\ x=\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}=\dfrac{10}{15}-\dfrac{3}{15}=\dfrac{7}{15}\\ ---\\ b,-\dfrac{5}{8}+x=\dfrac{4}{9}\\ x=\dfrac{4}{9}-\left(-\dfrac{5}{8}\right)=\dfrac{4}{9}+\dfrac{5}{8}=\dfrac{4.8+5.9}{72}=\dfrac{77}{72}\\ ---\\ c,\dfrac{13}{4}x+1\dfrac{1}{2}=-\dfrac{4}{5}\\ \dfrac{13}{4}x+\dfrac{3}{2}=-\dfrac{4}{5}\\ \dfrac{13}{4}x=-\dfrac{4}{5}-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{-4.2-3.5}{10}=-\dfrac{23}{10}\\ x=-\dfrac{23}{10}:\dfrac{13}{4}=-\dfrac{23}{10}.\dfrac{4}{13}=-\dfrac{46}{65}\\ ---\\ d,\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}x=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ \dfrac{3}{4}x=\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ x=\dfrac{1}{2}:\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{4}{3}=\dfrac{4}{6}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

1) \(\left(x-3\right)^2-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3-2\right)\left(x-3+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

2) \(x^2-2x=24\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-24=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x-6x-24=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+4\right)-6\left(x+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+4\right)\left(x-6\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 3 số xấu rồi e

\(x^4-6x^3+16x^2-22x+16=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^4-2x^3+3x^2-4x^3+8x^2-12x+5x^2-10x+15+1=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2\left(x^2-2x+3\right)-4x\left(x^2-2x+3\right)+5\left(x^2-2x+3\right)x^2+1=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2-2x+3\right)\left(x^2-4x+5\right)=-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1+2\right)\left(x^2-4x+4+1\right)=-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+2\right]\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+1\right]=-1\left(1\right)\)

mà \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2+2>0,\forall x\\\left(x-2\right)^2+1>0,\forall x\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+2\right]\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+1\right]>0,\forall x\\\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+2\right]\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+1\right]=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) (vô lí)

Vậy phương trình trên vô nghiệm (dpcm)

7) \(A=1^2-2^2+3^2-4^2+...-2004^2+2005^2\)

\(A=\left(-1\right)\left(1^{ }+2\right)+\left(-1\right)\left(3+4\right)+...+\left(-1\right)\left(2003+2004\right)+2005^2\)

\(A=-\left(1+2+3+...+2004\right)+2005^2\)

\(A=-\dfrac{2004.\left(2004+1\right)}{2}+2005^2\)

\(A=-1002.2005+2005^2\)

\(A=2005\left(2005-1002\right)=2005.1003=2011015\)

8) \(B=\left(2+1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)

\(B=\dfrac{\left(2^2-1\right)}{2-1}\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)

\(B=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)

\(B=\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)

\(B=\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)

\(B=\left(2^{32}-1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)-2^{64}\)

\(B=\left(2^{64}-1\right)-2^{64}\)

\(B=-1\)

\(A=-1^2+2^2-3^2+4^2-...-99^2+100^2\)

\(A=\left(2-1\right).\left(1+2\right)+\left(4-3\right).\left(3+4\right)+...\left(+100-99\right).\left(99+100\right)\)

\(A=1.\left(1+2+3+...+99+100\right)\)

\(A=\dfrac{100.\left(100+1\right)}{2}=50.101=5050\)

Bạn xem lại đề

Ta đặt \(a^2+4b+3=k^2\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow k^2-a^2\equiv3\left[4\right]\)

Mà \(k^2,a^2\equiv0,1\left[4\right]\) nên \(k^2⋮4,a^2\equiv1\left[4\right]\) \(\Rightarrow k⋮2,a\equiv1\left[2\right]\)

Đặt \(k=2l,a=2c+1>b\), ta có \(\left(2c+1\right)^2+4b+3=4l^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4c^2+4c+4b+4=4l^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow c^2+c+1+b=l^2\)

Nếu \(b< c\) thì \(c^2< c^2+c+1+b< c^2+2c+1=\left(c+1\right)^2\), vô lí.

Nếu \(c< b< 2c+1\) thì

\(\left(c+1\right)^2< c^2+c+1+b< c^2+4c+4=\left(c+2\right)^2\), cũng vô lí.

Do vậy, \(c=b\) hay \(a=2b+1\)

Từ đó \(b^2+4a+12=b^2+4\left(2b+1\right)+12\) \(=b^2+8b+16\) \(=\left(b+4\right)^2\) là SCP. Suy ra đpcm.

Đặt \(3p+4=k^2\left(k\ge4\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow k^2-4=3p\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(k-2\right)\left(k+2\right)=3p\)

Ta thấy \(0< k-2< k+2\) nên có 2TH:

TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}k-2=1\\k+2=3p\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}k=3\\3p=5\end{matrix}\right.\), vô lí.

TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}k-2=3\\k+2=p\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}k=5\\p=7\end{matrix}\right.\), thỏa mãn.

Vậy \(p=7\) là số nguyên tố duy nhất thỏa ycbt.