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\(a,n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ b,n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ b,V_{H_2\left(25\text{đ}\text{ộ}C,1bar\right)}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{HCl}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}HCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5.100}{10}=146\left(g\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}A}=m_{Mg}+m_{\text{dd}HCl}-m_{H_2}=4,8+146-0,2.2=150,4\left(g\right)\\ d,C\%_{\text{dd}MgCl_2}=\dfrac{95.0,2}{150,4}.100\approx12,633\%\)
a) $Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
$n_{MgCl_2} = \dfrac{4,75}{95} = 0,05(mol)$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{MgCl_2} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,1.36,5}{14,6\%} = 25(gam)$
$\Rightarrow V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{25}{1,12} = 22,32(ml)$
b) $n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = n_{MgCl_2} = 0,05(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 0,05.24 + 25 - 0,05.2 = 26,1(gam)$
$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{4,75}{26,1}.100\% = 18,2\%$
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
a+b) Ta có: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,6\cdot36,5}{14,6\%}=150\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_3}=0,2\cdot162,5=32,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{32,5}{150+16}\cdot100\%\approx19,58\%\)
b) PTHH: \(HCl+KOH\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{KOH}=n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,5}=1,2\left(l\right)\)
a, \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=0,2.0,5=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuO}=n_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,05.80=4\left(g\right)\)
c, \(C_{M_{CuCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,2.0,5=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
0,05 0,1 0,05
\(b,m_{CuO}=0,05.80=4\left(g\right)\)
\(c,C_{M\left(CuCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
nAl= 0,5(mol)
a) PTHH: 2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
nHCl= 6/2 . 0,5= 1,5(mol)
=>mHCl= 1,5.36,5=54,75(mol)
=> mddHCl= (54,75.100)/18,25=300(g)
b) nH2= 3/2. 0,5=0,75(mol)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,75.22,4=16,8(l)
c) nAlCl3= nAl= 0,5(mol) -> mAlCl3=0,5. 133,5=66,75(g)
mddAlCl3=mAl+ mddHCl - mH2= 13,5 + 300-0,75.2=312(g)
=> \(C\%ddAlCl3=\dfrac{66,75}{312}.100\approx21,394\%\)
Bài 2. Cho 8g Fe2O3 tác dụng vừa đủ với dd HCl 20% (D = 1,1g/ml). Hãy tính: a. Thể tích dd HCl đã dùng b. Nồng độ % dd thu được sau phản ứng
a) \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(n_{HCl}=6n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{20\%}=54,75\left(g\right)\)
=> \(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{m}{D}=\dfrac{54,75}{1,1}=49,77\left(g\right)\)
b) \(m_{ddsaupu}=8+54,75=62,75\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,05.2.162,5}{62,75}.100=25,9\%\)
a. PTHH: Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2↑
b. Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(lít\right)\)
c. Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{Mg}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{HCl}}=\dfrac{14,6}{m_{dd_{HCl}}}.100\%=20\%\)
=> \(m_{dd_{HCl}}=73\left(g\right)\)
d. Ta có: \(m_{dd_{MgCl_2}}=73+4,8-\left(0,2.2\right)=77,4\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{19}{77,4}.100\%=24,5\%\)